Related papers: Multistring based matrices
A virtual $n$-string $\alpha$ is a collection of $n$ oriented smooth generic loops on a surface $M$. A stabilization of $\alpha$ is a surgery that results in attaching a handle to $M$ along disks avoiding $\alpha$, and the inverse operation…
A virtual string can be defined as an equivalence class of planar diagrams under certain kinds of diagrammatic moves. Virtual strings are related to virtual knots in that a simple operation on a virtual knot diagram produces a diagram for a…
A virtual string can be defined as a closed curve on a surface modulo certain equivalence relations. Turaev defined several invariants of virtual strings which we use to produce a table of virtual strings up to 4 crossings. We discuss…
A virtual string is a scheme of self-intersections of a closed curve on a surface. We study algebraic invariants of strings as well as two equivalence relations on the set of strings: homotopy and cobordism. We show that the homotopy…
In a previous paper, we defined an operation $\mu$ that generalizes Turaev's cobracket for loops on a surface. We showed that, in contrast to the cobracket, this operation gives a formula for the minimum number of self-intersections of a…
A virtual string is a scheme of self-intersections of a closed curve on a surface. We introduce virtual strings and study their geometric properties and homotopy invariants. We also discuss connections between virtual strings, Gauss words,…
By adding or removing appropriate structures to Gauss diagram, one can create useful objects related to virtual links. In this paper few objects of this kind are studied: twisted virtual links generalizing virtual links; signed chord…
Let A be an essential complex hyperplane arrangement in an n-dimensional complex vector space V. Let H denote the union of the hyperplanes, and M denote the complement to H in V. We develop the real-valued and circle-valued Morse theory for…
A parity is a labeling of the crossings of knot diagrams which is compatible with Reidemeister moves. We define the notion of parity for based matrices -- algebraic objects introduced by V. Turaev in his research of virtual strings. We…
This paper gives a polynomial invariant for flat virtual links. In the case of one component, the polynomial specializes to Turaev's virtual string polynomial. We show that Turaev's polynomial has the property that it is non-zero precisely…
The Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant, Turaev's TQFT, and many related constructions rely on the encoding of certain tangles (n-string links, or ribbon n-handles) as n-forms on the coend of a ribbon category. We introduce the monoidal category…
Let R f = Z[A $\pm$1 ] be the algebra of Laurent polynomials in the variable A and let R a = Z[A $\pm$1 , z 1 , z 2 ,. .. ] be the algebra of Laurent polynomials in the variable A and standard polynomials in the variables z 1 , z 2 ,. .. .…
In view of the result of Kontsevich, now often called ``the fundamental theorem of Vassiliev theory'', identifying the graded dual of the associated graded vector space to the space of Vassiliev invariants filtered by degree with the linear…
Given a group endowed with a Z/2-valued morphism we associate a Gauss diagram theory, and show that for a particular choice of the group these diagrams encode faithfully virtual knots on a given arbitrary surface. This theory contains all…
A Gauss paragraph is a combinatorial formulation of a generic closed curve with multiple components on some surface. A virtual string is a collection of circles with arrows that represent the crossings of such a curve. Every closed curve…
Extended Alexander groups are used to define an invariant for open virtual strings. Examples of non-commuting open strings and a ribbon-concordance obstruction are given. An example is given of a slice virtual open string that is not…
We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…
We study the field theory localizing to holomorphic maps from a complex manifold of complex dimension 2 to a toric target (a generalization of A model). Fields are realized as maps to $(\mathbb{C}^*)^N$ where one includes special…
A string-net model associates a vector space to a surface in terms of graphs decorated by objects and morphisms of a pivotal fusion category modulo local relations. String-net models are usually considered for spherical fusion categories,…
We give the general form of the vertex corresponding to the interaction of an arbitrary number of strings. The technique employed relies on the ``comma" representation of String Field Theory where string fields and interactions are…