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Mean-field games (MFGs) are a modeling framework for systems with a large number of interacting agents. They have applications in economics, finance, and game theory. Normalizing flows (NFs) are a family of deep generative models that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Han Huang , Jiajia Yu , Jie Chen , Rongjie Lai

We present a novel framework for analyzing blockchain consensus mechanisms by modeling blockchain growth as a Partially Observable Stochastic Game (POSG) which we reduce to a set of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yanni Georghiades , Takashi Tanaka , Sriram Vishwanath

This paper studies a large number of homogeneous Markov decision processes where the transition probabilities and costs are coupled in the empirical distribution of states (also called mean-field). The state of each process is not known to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-03 Jalal Arabneydi , Amir G. Aghdam

We present a simulation-based approach for solution of mean field games (MFGs), using the framework of empirical game-theoretical analysis (EGTA). Our primary method employs a version of the double oracle, iteratively adding strategies…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yongzhao Wang , Michael P. Wellman

We prove existence and uniqueness of classical solutions of the master equation for mean field game (MFG) systems with fractional and nonlocal diffusions. We cover a large class of L\'evy diffusions of order greater than one, including…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Espen Robstad Jakobsen , Artur Rutkowski

We consider the problem of representing collective behavior of large populations and predicting the evolution of a population distribution over a discrete state space. A discrete time mean field game (MFG) is motivated as an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Jiachen Yang , Xiaojing Ye , Rakshit Trivedi , Huan Xu , Hongyuan Zha

The goal of this paper is to study a Mean Field Game (MFG) system stemming from the harvesting of resources. Modelling the latter through a reaction-diffusion equation and the harvesters as competing rational agents, we are led to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Ziad Kobeissi , Idriss Mazari-Fouquer , Domènec Ruiz-Balet

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

When controlling multi-agent systems, the trade-off between performance and scalability is a major challenge. Here, we address this difficulty by using mean field games (MFGs), which is a framework that deduces the macroscopic dynamics…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Daisuke Inoue , Yuji Ito , Takahito Kashiwabara , Norikazu Saito , Hiroaki Yoshida

Recent techniques based on Mean Field Games (MFGs) allow the scalable analysis of multi-player games with many similar, rational agents. However, standard MFGs remain limited to homogeneous players that weakly influence each other, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kai Cui , Gökçe Dayanıklı , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Heinz Koeppl

In this work, we study an equilibrium-based continuous asset pricing problem which seeks to form a price process endogenously by requiring it to balance the flow of sales-and-purchase orders in the exchange market, where a large number of…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-28 Masaaki Fujii , Akihiko Takahashi

Mean field games (MFGs) model equilibria in games with a continuum of weakly interacting players as limiting systems of symmetric $n$-player games. We consider the finite-state, infinite-horizon problem with ergodic cost. Assuming Markovian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Asaf Cohen , Ethan Zell

Mean-field games have been studied under the assumption of very large number of players. For such large systems, the basic idea consists to approximate large games by a stylized game model with a continuum of players. The approach has been…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Hamidou Tembine

We formulate the MFG limit for $N$ interacting agents with a common noise as a single quasi-linear deterministic infinite-dimensional partial differential second order backward equation. We prove that any its (regular enough) solution…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Vassili Kolokoltsov , Marianna Troeva

Mean Field Games (MFG) theory describes strategic interactions in differential games with a large number of small and indistinguishable players. Traditionally, the players' control impacts only the drift term in the system's dynamics,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Vincenzo Ignazio , Michele Ricciardi

Recent advances at the intersection of dense large graph limits and mean field games have begun to enable the scalable analysis of a broad class of dynamical sequential games with large numbers of agents. So far, results have been largely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

In this note, we develop Fourier approximation methods for the solutions of first-order nonlocal mean-field games (MFG) systems. Using Fourier expansion techniques, we approximate a given MFG system by a simpler one that is equivalent to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Levon Nurbekyan , Joao Saude

We construct a semi-Lagrangian scheme for first-order, time-dependent, and non-local Mean Field Games. The convergence of the scheme to a weak solution of the system is analyzed by exploiting a key monotonicity property. To solve the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Elisabetta Carlini , Valentina Coscetti

In this study, we investigate $N$-player stochastic differential games with regime switching, where the player dynamics are modulated by a finite-state Markov chain. We analyze the associated Nash system, which consists of a system of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Mingrui Wang , Prakash Chakraborty

Continuous-time Bayesian networks is a natural structured representation language for multicomponent stochastic processes that evolve continuously over time. Despite the compact representation, inference in such models is intractable even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Ido Cohn , Tal El-Hay , Nir Friedman , Raz Kupferman