Related papers: Dynamics of Current, Charge and Mass
A method is presented which allows the exact construction of conserved (i.e. divergence-free) current vectors from appropriate sets of multipole moments. Physically, such objects may be taken to represent the flux of particles or electric…
Maxwell's displacement current has been the subject of controversy for more than a century. Questions on whether the displacement current represents a true current like the conduction current and whether it produces a magnetic field have…
Our digital technology depends on mathematics to compute current flow and design its devices. Mathematics describes current flow by an idealization, Kirchhoff's current law. All the electrons that flow into a node flow out. This…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
In the present contribution we show that the introduction of a conserved axial current in electrodynamics can explain the quantization of electric charge, preserving parity conservation, and introduces a dynamical discreteness into…
After J. C. Maxwell brought forward the concept of displacement currents, H. R. Hertz and other scholars verified the existence of electromagnetic waves in experimental, and then confirmed indirectly the conceptive correctness of…
We derive the classical dynamics of massless charged particles in a rigorous way from first principles. Since due to ultraviolet divergences this dynamics does not follow from an action principle, we rely on a) Maxwell's equations, b)…
We study conservation laws for gravity theories invariant under general coordinate transformations. The class of models under consideration includes Einstein's general relativity theory as a special case as well as its generalizations to…
The law of mass action is used widely. The law of mass action does not automatically conserve current, as is clear from mathematics of a simple case, chosen to illustrate the issues. The law of mass action does not force a series of…
All experimental evidence {indicates} that the vacuum is not void, but filled with something truly quantum. This is reflected by terms such as {zero-point} fluctuations, and Dirac's sea of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs, and last but…
A fundamental result of classical electromagnetism is that Maxwell's equations imply that electric charge is locally conserved. Here we show the converse: Local charge conservation implies the local existence of fields satisfying Maxwell's…
Classical electrodynamics uses a dielectric constant to describe the polarization response of electromechanical systems to changes in an electric field. We generalize that description to include a wide variety of responses to changes in the…
Ions in channels have been imagined as hard balls in a macroscopic mechanical model, for a very long time. Hard balls interact by collisions in such models, randomly knocking each other on and off `binding' sites in thermal motion. But ions…
New notion - Maxwell displacement current on potential barrier - is introduced in the structure-dynamic approach of nanoionics for description of collective phenomenon: coupled ion-transport and dielectric-polarization processes occurring…
The wave function $\psi$ is interpreted as charge density, or charge distribution, at each point in space. This is a physical interpretation of $\psi$. The notion of speed can be associated with $\psi$, which leads to the concept of…
An electron propagating through a solid carries spin angular momentum in addition to its mass and charge. Of late there has been considerable interest in developing electronic devices based on the transport of spin, which offer potential…
Electrodynamics is usually written with a polarization vector field to describe the response of matter to electric fields, or more specifically, to describe changes in distribution of charge as an electric field is changed. This approach…
The interaction between an atom and the quantized electromagnetic field depends on the position of the atom. Then the atom experiences a force which is the minus gradient of this interaction. Through the Heisenberg equations of motion and…
That static electric and magnetic fields can store momentum may be perplexing, but is necessary to ensure total conservation of momentum. Simple situations in which such field momentum is transferred to nearby bodies and point charges have…
In 19th century Maxwell derived Maxwell equations from the knowledge of three experimental physical laws: the Coulomb's law, the Ampere's force law and Faraday's law of induction. However, theoretical basis for Ampere's force law and…