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Related papers: Counting Walks in the Quarter Plane

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The enumeration of small steps walks confined to the first quadrant of the plane has attracted a lot of attention over the past fifteen years. The associated generating functions are trivariate formal power series in $x,y,t$ where the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Charlotte Hardouin

In this article we obtain new expressions for the generating functions counting (non-singular) walks with small steps in the quarter plane. Those are given in terms of infinite series, while in the literature, the standard expressions use…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-24 Irina Kurkova , Kilian Raschel

In the present paper, we introduce a new approach, relying on the Galois theory of difference equations, to study the nature of the generating series of walks in the quarter plane. Using this approach, we are not only able to recover many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-25 Thomas Dreyfus , Charlotte Hardouin , Julien Roques , Michael F. Singer

In the 1970s, William Tutte developed a clever algebraic approach, based on certain "invariants", to solve a functional equation that arises in the enumeration of properly colored triangulations. The enumeration of plane lattice walks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Olivier Bernardi , Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Kilian Raschel

We work with lattice walks in $\mathbb{Z}^{r+1}$ using step set $\{\pm 1\}^{r+1}$ that finish with $x_{r+1} = 0$. We further impose conditions of avoiding backtracking (i.e. $[v,-v]$) and avoiding consecutive steps (i.e. $[v,v]$) each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-11 John Machacek

Lattice paths in the quarter plane have led to a large and varied set of results in recent years. One major project has been the classification of step sets according to the properties of the corresponding generating functions, and this has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Nicholas R. Beaton , Aleksander L. Owczarek , Ruijie Xu

Gessel walks are lattice walks in the quarter plane $\set N^2$ which start at the origin $(0,0)\in\set N^2$ and consist only of steps chosen from the set $\{\leftarrow,\swarrow,\nearrow,\to\}$. We prove that if $g(n;i,j)$ denotes the number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-12 Alin Bostan , Manuel Kauers

Two-dimensional (random) walks in cones are very natural both in combinatorics and probability theory: they are interesting for themselves and also because they are strongly related to other discrete structures. While walks restricted to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Kilian Raschel , Amélie Trotignon

Around 2000, Ira Gessel conjectured that the number of lattice walks in the quadrant N^2, starting and ending at the origin (0,0) and taking their steps in {E,NE,W,SW} had a simple hypergeometric form. In the following decade, this problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou

In the past fifteen years, the enumeration of lattice walks with steps takenin a prescribed set S and confined to a given cone, especially the firstquadrant of the plane, has been intensely studied. As a result, the generating functions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Alin Bostan , Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Stephen Melczer

We present two classes of random walks restricted to the quarter plane whose generating function is not holonomic. The non-holonomy is established using the iterated kernel method, a recent variant of the kernel method. This adds evidence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-10 Marni Mishna , Andrew Rechnitzer

In the 1970s, Tutte developed a clever algebraic approach, based on certain "invariants" , to solve a functional equation that arises in the enumeration of properly colored triangulations. The enumeration of plane lattice walks confined to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 O Bernardi , M Bousquet-Mélou , Kilian Raschel

The number of excursions (finite paths starting and ending at the origin) having a given number of steps and obeying various geometric constraints is a classical topic of combinatorics and probability theory. We prove that the sequence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Alin Bostan , Kilian Raschel , Bruno Salvy

We study nearest-neighbors walks on the two-dimensional square lattice, that is, models of walks on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ defined by a fixed step set that is a subset of the non-zero vectors with coordinates 0, 1 or $-1$. We concern ourselves with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-21 Alin Bostan , Frédéric Chyzak , Mark van Hoeij , Manuel Kauers , Lucien Pech

Many recent papers deal with the enumeration of 2-dimensional walks with prescribed steps confined to the positive quadrant. The classification is now complete for walks with steps in $\{0, \pm 1\}^2$: the generating function is D-finite if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Alin Bostan , Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Manuel Kauers , Stephen Melczer

The set of random walks with different step sets (of short steps) in the quarter plane has provided a rich set of models that have profoundly different integrability properties. In particular, 23 of the 79 effectively different models can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Nicholas R Beaton , Aleksander L Owczarek , Andrew Rechnitzer

We continue the enumeration of plane lattice paths avoiding the negative quadrant initiated by the first author in [Bousquet-M{\'e}lou, 2016]. We solve in detail a new case, the king walks, where all 8 nearest neighbour steps are allowed.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Michael Wallner

The study of lattice walks restricted to the first quadrant has shed a lot of interest in the past twenty years. In particular, there has been an important effort to classify models of weighted walks with small steps with respect to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Pierre Bonnet

This paper is the first application of the compensation approach to counting problems. We discuss how this method can be applied to a general class of walks in the quarter plane $Z_{+}^{2}$ with a step set that is a subset of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ivo J. B. F. Adan , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Kilian Raschel

Beaton, Owczarek and Xu (2019) studied generating functions of Kreweras walks and of reverse Kreweras walks in the quarter plane, with interacting boundaries. They proved that for the reverse Kreweras step set, the generating function is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-23 Alin Bostan , Manuel Kauers , Thibaut Verron