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Understanding how molecular structure gives rise to odor perception remains a long-standing challenge, with ongoing debate over whether olfaction is primarily governed by molecular shape, vibrational properties, or their interplay at the…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-14 P. Zanineli , E. V. C. Lopes , G. R. Schleder , L. N. Lemos , F. Crasto de Lima , A. Fazzio

Predicting the relationship between a molecule's structure and its odor remains a difficult, decades-old task. This problem, termed quantitative structure-odor relationship (QSOR) modeling, is an important challenge in chemistry, impacting…

Olfactory perception plays a critical role in both human and organismal interactions, yet understanding of its underlying mechanisms and influencing factors remain insufficient. Molecular structures influence odor perception through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 HongXin Xie , JianDe Sun , Yi Shao , Shuai Li , Sujuan Hou , YuLong Sun , Jian Wang

Predicting olfactory perception directly from molecular structure is central to fragrance design that plays a role in a wide range of industries, such as perfumery, food and beverage, and health care. Among olfactory attributes, odor…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Peter Fichtelmann , Julia Westermayr

Olfaction -- how molecules are perceived as odors to humans -- remains poorly understood. Recently, the principal odor map (POM) was introduced to digitize the olfactory properties of single compounds. However, smells in real life are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Gary Tom , Cher Tian Ser , Ella M. Rajaonson , Stanley Lo , Hyun Suk Park , Brian K. Lee , Benjamin Sanchez-Lengeling

We explore a suite of generative modelling techniques to efficiently navigate and explore the complex landscapes of odor and the broader chemical space. Unlike traditional approaches, we not only generate molecules but also predict the odor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Mrityunjay Sharma , Sarabeshwar Balaji , Pinaki Saha , Ritesh Kumar

The olfactory system employs responses of an ensemble of odorant receptors (ORs) to sense molecules and to generate olfactory percepts. Here we hypothesized that ORs can be viewed as 3D spatial filters that extract molecular features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Sergey Shuvaev , Khue Tran , Khristina Samoilova , Cyrille Mascart , Alexei Koulakov

The sense of smell is an important part of living organisms. It assists with the interaction of the living organism with its environment. The mechanism by which smell is detected and identified is not fully known. Earlier, shape theory was…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-11-07 Chukwuemeka Asogwa

One of the key challenges to predict odor from molecular structure is unarguably our limited understanding of the odor space and the complexity of the underlying structure-odor relationships. Here, we show that the predictive performance of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-14 Akshay Sajan , Stijn Sluis , Reza Haydarlou , Sanne Abeln , Pasquale Lisena , Raphael Troncy , Caro Verbeek , Inger Leemans , Halima Mouhib

We present a generalized theoretical framework for olfactory representation and plasticity, using the theory of smooth manifolds and sheaves to depict categorical odor learning via distributed neural computation. Beginning with the space of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-13 Jack A. Cook , Thomas A. Cleland

Molecular odor prediction has great potential across diverse fields such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science, enabling the rapid design of new materials and enhancing environmental monitoring. However, current methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 HongXin Xie , JianDe Sun , Yi Shao , Shuai Li , Sujuan Hou , YuLong Sun , Yuxiang Liu

The application of deep learning techniques on aroma-chemicals has resulted in models more accurate than human experts at predicting olfactory qualities. However, public research in this domain has been limited to predicting the qualities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Laura Sisson , Aryan Amit Barsainyan , Mrityunjay Sharma , Ritesh Kumar

This research introduces a Machine Learning-centric approach to replicate olfactory experiences, validated through experimental quantification of perfume perception. Key contributions encompass a hybrid model connecting perfume molecular…

Olfactory systems use a small number of broadly sensitive receptors to combinatorially encode a vast number of odors. We propose a method of decoding such distributed representations by exploiting a statistical fact: receptors that do not…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-01 Vijay Singh , Martin Tchernookov , Vijay Balasubramanian

Advances in neural sensing technology are making it possible to observe the olfactory process in great detail. In this paper, we conceptualize smell from a Data Science and AI perspective, that relates the properties of odorants to how they…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-09 Vivek Agarwal , Joshua Harvey , Dmitry Rinberg , Vasant Dhar

The prediction of odor characters is still impossible based on the odorant molecular structure. We designed a CNN-based regressor for computed parameters in molecular vibrations (CNN\_vib), in order to investigate the ability to predict…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Yuki Harada , Shuichi Maeda , Junwei Shen , Taku Misonou , Hirokazu Hori , Shinichiro Nakamura

Olfaction, the sense of smell, has received scant attention from a signal processing perspective in comparison to audition and vision. In this paper, we develop a signal processing paradigm for olfactory signals based on new scientific…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Kush R. Varshney , Lav R. Varshney

While visual and auditory information conveyed by wavelength of light and frequency of sound have been decoded, predicting olfactory information encoded by the combination of odorants remains challenging due to the unknown and potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Mengji Zhang , Yusuke Hiki , Akira Funahashi , Tetsuya J. Kobayashi

Chemical structure extraction from documents remains a hard problem due to both false positive identification of structures during segmentation and errors in the predicted structures. Current approaches rely on handcrafted rules and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Joshua Staker , Kyle Marshall , Robert Abel , Carolyn McQuaw

In this paper we propose the use of the Word2vec algorithm in order to obtain odor perception embeddings (or smell embeddings), only using publicly available perfume descriptions. Besides showing meaningful similarity relationships among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Janek Amann , Manex Agirrezabal
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