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Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical response arising exclusively from broken inversion symmetry in the electric-dipole limit. Recently, SHG has attracted widespread interest as a versatile and noninvasive tool for…

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field…

This article reviews the material properties that enable maximum optical response. We highlight theoretical results that enable shape-independent quantification of material "figures of merit," ranging from classical sum rules to more recent…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-30 Hyungki Shim , Zeyu Kuang , Owen D. Miller

The topological Weyl semimetals with peculiar band structure exhibit novel nonlinear optical enhancement phenomena even for light at optical wavelengths. While many intriguing nonlinear optical effects were constantly uncovered in type-I…

A theoretical model for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk solids is considered. Our approach treats laser-induced inter- and intraband currents on an equal footing. The sum of these currents is the source of the high-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Peter Foldi

High harmonic generation (HHG) from semiconductors and insulators has become a very active area of research due to its great potential for developing compact HHG devices. Here we show that by growing monolayers (ML) of insulators on…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-12-28 Néstor F. Aguirre , Fernando Martín

Frequency conversion processes, such as second- and third-harmonic generation, are one of the most common effects in nonlinear optics which offer many opportunities for photonics, chemistry, material science, characterization, and…

Optics · Physics 2017-06-26 Alexander Krasnok , Mykhailo Tymchenko , Andrea Alu

We develop a quantitative mathematical theory that offers new perspectives on nonlinear harmonic generation in plasmonic structures arising from symmetry breaking. Focusing on second harmonic generation--the most fundamental process and the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Hongyu Liu , Zhi-Qiang Miao , Jingfeng Yao , Chengxun Yuan , Guang-Hui Zheng

By uncovering novel aspects of second harmonic generation in aluminum we show that there are unusual and remarkable consequences of resonant absorption, namely an unexpectedly critical role that bound electrons play for light-matter…

We investigate ultrafast harmonic generation (HG) in Si:B, driven by intense pump pulses with fields reaching ~100 kV/cm and a carrier frequency of 300 GHz, at 4 K and 300 K, both experimentally and theoretically. We report several novel…

We compute and analyze the dependence of excitonic second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG/THG) as a function of the optical excitation intensity in the presence of static electric fields by solving the semiconductor Bloch equations. Our…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Ruixin Zuo , Matthias Reichelt , Cong Ngo , Xiaohong Song , Weifeng Yang , Torsten Meier

It is interesting to observe that all optical materials with a positive refractive index have a value of index that is of order unity. Surprisingly, though, a deep understanding of the mechanisms that lead to this universal behavior seems…

Bianisotropy is a powerful concept enabling asymmetric optical response, including asymmetric reflection, absorption, optical forces, light trapping, and lasing. The physical origin of these asymmetric effects can be understood from…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ehsan Mobini , Rasoul Alaee , Robert W. Boyd , Ksenia Dolgaleva

The generation process of second harmonic (SH) radiation from holes periodically arranged on a metal surface is investigated. Three main modulating factors affecting the optical response are identified: the near-field distribution at the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Sergio G. Rodrigo , V. Laliena , L. Martín-Moreno

We derive upper and lower bounds on the absorption of ultraintense laser light by solids as a function of fundamental laser and plasma parameters. These limits emerge naturally from constrained optimization techniques applied to a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 M. C. Levy , S. C. Wilks , M. Tabak , S. B. Libby , M. G. Baring

It is well-known that exciton effects are determinant to understand the optical absorption spectrum of low-dimensional materials. However, the role of excitons in nonlinear optical responses has been much less investigated at an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 J. J. Esteve-Paredes , M. A. García-Blázquez , A. J. Uría-Álvarez , M. Camarasa-Gómez , J. J. Palacios

The Kramers-Kronig relations and various oscillator strength sum rules represent strong constraints on the physical response of materials. In this work, taking inspiration from the well-established equivalence between $f-$sum rules and…

This study presents an investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) resulting from interaction of radially polarized laser beam propagating in homogeneous, unmagnetized plasma. Lorentz force and continuity equations have been used to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shivani Aggarwal , Saumya Singh , Dinkar Mishra , Bhupesh Kumar , Pallavi Jha

The nonlinear optical response of an excitonic insulator coupled to lattice degrees of freedom is shown to depend in strong and characteristic ways on whether the insulating behavior originates primarily from electron-electron or…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-01-04 Denis Golez , Zhiyuan Sun , Yuta Murakami , Antoine Georges , Andrew J. Millis

High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extreme nonlinear process where intense pulses of light drive matter to emit high harmonics of the driving frequency, reaching the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and x-ray spectral ranges. So far, the HHG…