Related papers: Ternary quasigroups in knot theory

We study petal diagrams of knots, which provide a method of describing knots in terms of permutations in a symmetric group $S_{2n+1}$. We define two classes of moves on such permutations, called trivial petal additions and crossing…

We extend Milnor's mu-invariants of link homotopy to ordered (classical or virtual) tangles. Simple combinatorial formulas for mu-invariants are given in terms of counting trees in Gauss diagrams. Invariance under Reidemeister moves…

We introduce \textit{Niebrzydowski algebras}, algebraic structures with a ternary operation and a partially defined multiplication, with axioms motivated by the Reidemeister moves for $Y$-oriented trivalent spatial graphs and…

In this paper we identify QD(A,B), the quasidiagonal classes in KK_1(A,B), in terms of K_*(A) and K_*(B), and we use these results in various applications. Here is our central result. Theorem: Suppose that A is in the category of separable…

Ng constructed an invariant of knots in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$, a combinatorial knot contact homology. Extending his study, we construct an invariant of surface-knots in ${\mathbb{R}}^4$ using marked graph diagrams.

Topological gauge theories in four dimensions which admit surface operators provide a natural framework for realizing homological knot invariants. Every such theory leads to an action of the braid group on branes on the corresponding moduli…

We introduce \textit{dual graph diagrams} representing oriented knots and links. We use these combinatorial structures to define corresponding algebraic structures we call \textit{biquasiles} whose axioms are motivated by dual graph…

We define a cohomology for an arbitrary $K$-linear semistrict semigroupal 2-category $(\mathfrak{C},\otimes)$ (called in the paper a Gray semigroup) and show that its first order (unitary) deformations, up to the suitable notion of…

We construct a new family of knot concordance invariants $\theta^{(q)}(K)$, where $q$ is a prime number. Our invariants are obtained from the equivariant Seiberg-Witten-Floer cohomology, constructed by the author and Hekmati, applied to the…

The aim of this paper is to define a homology theory for racks with finite rank N and use it to define invariants of knots generalizing the CJKLS 2-cocycle invariants related to the invariants defined in [15]. For this purpose, we prove…

We define several homology theories for central hyperplane arrangements, categorifying well-known polynomial invariants including the characteristic polynomial, Poincare polynomial, and Tutte polynomial. We consider basic algebraic…

A heap is a set with a certain ternary operation that is self-distributive (TSD) and exemplified by a group with the operation $(x,y,z)\mapsto xy^{-1}z$. We introduce and investigate framed link invariants using heaps. In analogy with the…

We show how the theory of tangles is equivalent to that of well-connected tangles. These are drawn on a surface with boundary, and equivalent via Reidemeister moves of a restricted kind. This reworking of the graphical foundations for link…

The aim of this paper is to define certain algebraic structures coming from generalized Reidemeister moves of singular knot theory. We give examples, show that the set of colorings by these algebraic structures is an invariant of singular…

Niebrzydowski tribrackets are ternary operations on sets satisfying conditions obtained from the oriented Reidemeister moves such that the set of tribracket colorings of an oriented knot or link diagram is an invariant of oriented knots and…

Given a shadow biquandle $(B,X)$ composed of a biquandle $B$ and a strongly connected $B$-set $X$, we have a local biquandle structure on $X$. The (co)homology groups of such shadow biquandles are isomorphic to those of the corresponding…

We introduce the notion of a quandle with a good involution and its homology groups. Carter et al. defined quandle cocycle invariants for oriented links and oriented surface-links. By use of good involutions, quandle cocyle invariants can…

Recently, the author discovered an interesting class of knot-like objects called free knots. These purely combinatorial objects are equivalence classes of Gauss diagrams modulo Reidemeister moves (the same notion in the language of words…

Heaps are para-associative ternary operations bijectively exemplified by groups via the operation $(x,y,z) \mapsto x y^{-1} z$. They are also ternary self-distributive, and have a diagrammatic interpretation in terms of framed links.…

A concise study of ternary and cubic algebras with $Z_3$ grading is presented. We discuss some underlying ideas leading to the conclusion that the discrete symmetry group of permutations of three objects, $S_3$, and its abelian subgroup…