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In quantum cryptography, secure randomness expansion involves using a short private string of random bits to generate a longer one, even in the presence of an adversary who may have access to quantum resources. In this work, we demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Jaskaran Singh , Cameron Foreman , Kishor Bharti , Adán Cabello

This paper investigates the powers and limitations of quantum entanglement in the context of cooperative games of incomplete information. We give several examples of such nonlocal games where strategies that make use of entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-11 Richard Cleve , Peter Hoyer , Ben Toner , John Watrous

Quantum entanglement is known to provide a strong advantage in many two-party distributed tasks. We investigate the question of how much entanglement is needed to reach optimal performance. For the first time we show that there exists a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Laura Mančinska , Thomas Vidick

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations…

We study the CHSH inequality from an informational, timing-sensitive viewpoint using game-theoretic probability, which avoids assuming an underlying probability space. The locality loophole and the measurement-dependence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Takara Nomura , Koichi Yamagata , Akio Fujiwara

Quantum nonlocality is a counterintuitive phenomenon that lies beyond the purview of causal influences. Recently, Bell inequalities have been generalized to the case of quantum inputs, leading to a powerful family of semi-quantum Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-12 Charles Ci Wen Lim

Given two parties performing experiments in separate laboratories, we provide a diagrammatic formulation of what it means for the joint statistics of their experiments to satisfy local realism. In particular, we show that the principles of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 James Fullwood

In the present paper a robustness stress-test of the CHSH experiments for Einstein locality and causality is designed and employed. Random A and B from dice and coins, but based on a local model, run "parallel" to a real experiment. We…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-14 J. F. Geurdes

We attempt to better understand randomization in local distributed graph algorithms by exploring how randomness is used and what we can gain from it: - We first ask the question of how much randomness is needed to obtain efficient…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Mohsen Ghaffari , Fabian Kuhn

In a nonlocal game, two noncommunicating players cooperate to convince a referee that they possess a strategy that does not violate the rules of the game. Quantum strategies allow players to optimally win some games by performing joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jim Furches , Sarah Chehade , Kathleen Hamilton , Nathan Wiebe , Carlos Ortiz Marrero

The central result of classical game theory states that every finite normal form game has a Nash equilibrium, provided that players are allowed to use randomized (mixed) strategies. However, in practice, humans are known to be bad at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-07 Pavel Hubáček , Moni Naor , Jonathan Ullman

Recently it has been found that there exist maximally nonlocal quantum correlations that fail to certify randomness for any fixed input pair, rendering them useless for device-independent spot-checking randomness expansion schemes. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu , Yutian Wu , Stefano Pironio

Device-independence is the gold standard of quantum cryptography. To meet this standard, a central assumption is that no information leakage occurs during protocol execution. We relax this assumption by analyzing CHSH-based randomness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

This thesis explores foundational aspects of quantum information theory and quantum cryptography. First, we investigate quantum correlations in interactive settings, including the CHSH and graph isomorphism games. We aim to distinguish…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Pierre Botteron

For many protocols, quantum strategies have advantages compared with their classical counter-partners, and these advantages have attracted many interests and applications. One of the famous examples is the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Zhiyu Tian , Yuan-Yuan Zhao , Hao Wu , Zhao Wang , Le Luo

Bell inequality violations are often taken as evidence that quantum nonlocality guarantees intrinsic randomness, effectively playing the role of a "dice" at the heart of many device-independent cryptographic protocols. We show that there…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu , Stefano Pironio

A nonlocality anomaly in which a partially entangled state can outperform a maximally entangled state in a task exploiting nonlocality and several ways to remove the anomaly are discussed. A necessary condition for the anomaly to occur is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Yiruo Lin

Free will (or randomness) has been studied to achieve loophole-free Bell's inequality test and to provide device-independent quantum key distribution security proofs. The required randomness such that a local hidden variable model (LHVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Yifeng Teng , Shenghao Yang , Siwei Wang , Mingfei Zhao

Device-independent (DI) cryptography represents the highest level of security, enabling cryptographic primitives to be executed safely on uncharacterized devices. Moreover, with successful proof-of-concept demonstrations in randomness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Thomas A. Hahn , Aby Philip , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Peter Brown

We present a step towards the goal of producing a general cryptographic 'compilation' procedure which can translate any entangled nonlocal game into a single-prover interactive protocol while preserving quantum completeness and soundness,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-19 Anand Natarajan , Tina Zhang