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Related papers: The Open Flux Problem

200 papers

Solar wind backmapping is a critical technique for analyzing the origin of the solar wind and space weather events by correlating in situ measurements with solar remote-sensing observations. This technique typically traces magnetic field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-27 Xinyi Ma , Liping Yang , Xueshang Feng , Hui Tian , Honghong Wu , Fang Shen , Wangning Zhang , Mengxuan Ma , Xiao Zhang , Ziwei Wang

This article discusses the magnetic connectivity between the Sun and the Earth, which is essential for understanding solar wind and space weather events. Due to limited direct observations, reliable simulations are necessary. The most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Silke Kennis , Barbara Perri , Stefaan Poedts

In this review, I focus on the structure and evolution of the coronal magnetic fields modelled from observations. The development of instruments measuring the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic fields with a high spatial and time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-18 Stephane Regnier

A system of multiple open magnetic flux tubes spanning the solar photosphere and lower corona is modelled analytically, within a realistic stratified atmosphere subject to solar gravity. This extends results for a single magnetic flux tube…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-18 Frederick A. Gent , Viktor Fedun , Rebertus Erd'elyi

The magnetic fields in the solar polar region are important to our understanding of the internal dynamo process, the global coronal structure, and the origin of the solar wind. The inference of polar fields based on spectropolarimetric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Bryan Yamashiro , Xudong Sun , Ivan Milić , Carlos Quintero Noda , Adur Pastor Yabar , Rebecca Centeno , Jiayi Liu , Milan Gošić , Kai Yang

After emerging to the solar surface, the Sun's magnetic field displays a complex and intricate evolution. The evolution of the surface field is important for several reasons. One is that the surface field, and its dynamics, sets the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 J. Jiang , D. H. Hathaway , R. H. Cameron , S. K. Solanki , L. Gizon , L. Upton

We study the relationship between full-disk solar radiative flux at different wavelengths and average solar photospheric magnetic-flux density, using daily measurements from the Kitt Peak magnetograph and other instruments extending over…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-23 Dora Preminger , Dibyendu Nandy , Gary Chapman , Petrus C. H. Martens

Multiscale topological complexity of solar magnetic field is among the primary factors controlling energy release in the corona, including associated processes in the photospheric and chromospheric boundaries. We present a new approach for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Vadim M. Uritsky , Joseph M. Davila

Measurements of magnetic fields and electric currents in the pre-eruptive corona are crucial to study solar eruptive phenomena, like flare and coronal mass ejections(CMEs). However, spectro-polarimetric measurements of certain photospheric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Tilaye Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , B. Inhester , K. Olson , P. J. MacNeice , A. Pevtsov

In this study, we investigate in detail the photospheric magnetic structure of 98 coronal holes using line-of-sight magnetograms of SDO/HMI, and for a subset of 42 coronal holes using HINODE/SOT G-band filtergrams. We divided the magnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-10 Stefan J. Hofmeister , Dominik Utz , Stephan G. Heinemann , Astrid Veronig , Manuela Temmer

Solar eruptive phenomena, like flares and coronal mass ejections(CMEs) are governed by magnetic fields. To describe the structure of these phenomena one needs information on the magnetic flux density and the electric current density vector…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Tilaye Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , Pevtsov A Alexei , P. Macneice , S. Gosain

The distribution and evolution of the magnetic field at the solar poles through a solar cycle is an important parameter in understanding the solar dynamo. The accurate observations of the polar magnetic flux is very challenging from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-26 Sanjay Gosain , Han Uitenbroek

A single open magnetic flux tube spanning the solar photosphere (solar radius R) and the lower corona (R + 10 Mm) is modelled in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium within a realistic stratified atmosphere subject to solar gravity. Such flux…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-16 Frederick Armstrong Gent , Viktor Fedun , Stuart John Mumford , Robertus Erdelyi

We characterize the orientation of polar plumes as a tracer of the large-scale coronal magnetic field configuration. We monitor in particular the north and south magnetic pole locations and the magnetic opening during 2007-2008 and provide…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Judith de Patoul , Bernd Inhester , Robert Cameron

Maps of the radial magnetic field at a heliocentric distance of ten solar radii are used as boundary conditions in the MHD code CRONOS to simulate a 3D inner-heliospheric solar wind emanating from the rotating Sun out to 1 AU. The input…

Space Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 T. Wiengarten , J. Kleimann , H. Fichtner , R. Cameron , J. Jiang , R. Kissmann , K. Scherer

The strength of the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which is a measure of the Sun's total open flux, is observed to vary by roughly a factor of two over the 11 yr solar cycle. Several recent studies have…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-16 Y. -M. Wang , N. R. Sheeley

Interplanetary evolution of eleven magnetic clouds (MCs) recorded by at least two radially aligned spacecraft is studied. The in situ magnetic field measurements are fitted to a cylindrically symmetric Gold-Hoyle force-free uniform-twist…

Coronal magnetic flux ropes are closely related to large-scale solar activities. Using a 2.5-dimensional time-dependent ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model in Cartesian coordinates, we carry out numerical simulations to investigate the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Quanhao Zhang , Yuming Wang , Youqiu Hu , Rui Liu , Kai Liu , Jiajia Liu

Extrapolation codes in Cartesian geometry for modelling the magnetic field in the corona do not take the curvature of the Sun's surface into account and can only be applied to relatively small areas, e.g., a single active region. We compare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Tilaye Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , B. Inhester , P. MacNeice , A. Pevtsov , X. Sun

Using time-distance helioseismic measurements of meridional flow in the near-surface shear layer over a period of 14 years, starting from May 2010, we probe the depth structure and evolution of its cross-equatorial part. We confirm that the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-16 Anisha Sen , S. P. Rajaguru , Ruizhu Chen , Junwei Zhao , Shukur Kholikov