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Dependently-typed host languages empower users to verify a wide range of properties of embedded languages and programs written in them. Designers of such embedded languages are faced with a difficult choice between using a shallow or a deep…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Artjoms Šinkarovs , Jesper Cockx

The development of programming languages can be quite complicated and costly. Hence, much effort has been devoted to the modular definition of language features that can be reused in various combinations to define new languages and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers , Casper Bach-Poulsen , Nicolas Wu

We explore a method for improving the performance of large language models through self-reflection and reinforcement learning. By incentivizing the model to generate better self-reflections when it answers incorrectly, we demonstrate that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shelly Bensal , Umar Jamil , Christopher Bryant , Melisa Russak , Kiran Kamble , Dmytro Mozolevskyi , Muayad Ali , Waseem AlShikh

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but often suffer from hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective solution by incorporating external knowledge, but existing methods still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Yujia Zhou , Yongkang Wu , Zhonghua Li , Qi Ye , Zhicheng Dou

We present the first class of mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential, self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers. Inspired by Kurt Goedel's celebrated self-referential formulas (1931), such a problem solver…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Juergen Schmidhuber

Code generation plays a crucial role in various tasks, such as code auto-completion and mathematical reasoning. Previous work has proposed numerous methods to enhance code generation performance, including integrating feedback from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Houxing Ren , Mingjie Zhan , Zhongyuan Wu , Aojun Zhou , Junting Pan , Hongsheng Li

Elaboration-based type class resolution, as found in languages like Haskell, Mercury and PureScript, is generally nondeterministic: there can be multiple ways to satisfy a wanted constraint in terms of global instances and locally given…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Gert-Jan Bottu , Ningning Xie , Koar Marntirosian , Tom Schrijvers

Code reproduction is a cornerstone of scientific validity, yet it remains a formidable challenge in computer networking research due to the scarcity of open-source implementations and the complexity of heterogeneous system architectures.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yining Jiang , Yunxin Xu , Wenyun Xu , Yufan Zhu , Tangtang He , Haiying Huang , Letian Zhu , Qingyu Song , Qiang Su , Lizhao You , Lu Tang , Wanjin Feng , Yuchao Zhang , Linghe Kong , Qiao Xiang , Jiwu Shu

Willems' fundamental lemma enables a trajectory-based characterization of linear systems through data-based Hankel matrices. However, in the presence of measurement noise, we ask: Is this noisy Hankel-based model expressive enough to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Nathan P. Lawrence , Philip D. Loewen , Shuyuan Wang , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni

Recent reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable problem-solving abilities but often generate long thinking traces whose utility is unclear. Our work aims to improve their efficiency, enabling them to reach high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiang Liu , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu , Eunsol Choi

The program synthesis problem within the Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) community has typically been seen as untyped. We consider the benefits of user provided types on background knowledge. Building on the Meta-Interpretive Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Rolf Morel

It has been shown that Large Language Models' (LLMs) performance can be improved for many tasks using Chain of Thought (CoT) or In-Context Learning (ICL), which involve demonstrating the steps needed to solve a task using a few examples.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Joseph Shtok , Amit Alfassy , Foad Abo Dahood , Eliyahu Schwartz , Sivan Doveh , Assaf Arbelle

Existing technology can parse arbitrary context-free grammars, but only a single, static grammar per input. In order to support more powerful syntax-extension systems, we propose reflective grammars, which can modify their own syntax during…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-02-14 Paul Stansifer , Mitchell Wand

Probabilistic programming and the formal analysis of probabilistic algorithms are active areas of research, driven by the widespread use of randomness to improve performance. While functional correctness has seen substantial progress,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Matthias Hetzenberger , Georg Moser , Florian Zuleger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are showing remarkable performance in generating source code, yet the generated code often has issues like compilation errors or incorrect code. Researchers and developers often face wasted effort in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ravin Ravi , Dylan Bradshaw , Stefano Ruberto , Gunel Jahangirova , Valerio Terragni

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Session types statically prescribe bidirectional communication protocols for message-passing processes and are in a Curry-Howard correspondence with linear logic propositions. However, simple session types cannot specify properties beyond…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Ankush Das , Frank Pfenning

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…

Reflective systems allow their own structures to be altered from within. Here we are concerned with a style of reflection, called linguistic reflection, which is the ability of a running program to generate new program fragments and to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 G. N. C. Kirby , R. Morrison , D. W. Stemple

Traditional automated theorem provers for first-order logic depend on speed-optimized search and many handcrafted heuristics that are designed to work best over a wide range of domains. Machine learning approaches in literature either…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Eser Aygün , Laurent Orseau , Ankit Anand , Xavier Glorot , Vlad Firoiu , Lei M. Zhang , Doina Precup , Shibl Mourad