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We define a (pseudo-)distance between graphs based on the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian, which is easy to compute or to estimate numerically. It can therefore serve as a rough classification of large empirical graphs into families…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Jiao Gu , Jürgen Jost , Shiping Liu , Peter F. Stadler

Random matrix theory allows one to deduce the eigenvalue spectrum of a large matrix given only statistical information about its elements. Such results provide insight into what factors contribute to the stability of complex dynamical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-30 Joseph W. Baron , Thomas Jun Jewell , Christopher Ryder , Tobias Galla

The distance matrix $\mathcal{D}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices, and the distance Laplacian matrix is $\mathcal{D}^L(G)=T(G)-\mathcal{D}(G)$, where $T(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of row…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Boris Brimkov , Ken Duna , Leslie Hogben , Kate Lorenzen , Carolyn Reinhart , Sung-Yell Song , Mark Yarrow

A geometric graph is a combinatorial graph, endowed with a geometry that is inherited from its embedding in a Euclidean space. Formulation of a meaningful measure of (dis-)similarity in both the combinatorial and geometric structures of two…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sushovan Majhi , Carola Wenk

Many applications in pattern recognition represent patterns as a geometric graph. The geometric graph distance (GGD) has recently been studied as a meaningful measure of similarity between two geometric graphs. Since computing the GGD is…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Sushovan Majhi

Given a regular (connected) graph $\Gamma=(X,E)$ with adjacency matrix $A$, $d+1$ distinct eigenvalues, and diameter $D$, we give a characterization of when its distance matrix $A_D$ is a polynomial in $A$, in terms of the adjacency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-05 M. A. Fiol , Safet Penjić

In this paper we consider the concept of preintersection numbers of a graph. These numbers are determined by the spectrum of the adjacency matrix of the graph, and generalize the intersection numbers of a distance-regular graph. By using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-20 A. Abiad , E. R. van Dam , M. A. Fiol

It is well known that, in general, part of the spectrum of a graph can be obtained from the adjacency matrix of its quotient graph given by a regular partition. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain all the spectrum, and also the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-24 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol

We study a general class of recurrence relations that appear in the application of a matrix diagonalization procedure. We find general closed formula and determine analytical properties of the solutions. We finally apply these findings in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Elismar R. Oliveira , Vilmar Trevisan

A vertex $v$ of a connected graph $G$ is said to be a boundary vertex of $G$ if for some other vertex $u$ of $G$, no neighbor of $v$ is further away from $u$ than $v$. The boundary $\partial(G)$ of $G$ is the set of all of its boundary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-30 José Cáceres , Ignacio M. Pelayo

The walk distances in graphs are defined as the result of appropriate transformations of the $\sum_{k=0}^\infty(tA)^k$ proximity measures, where $A$ is the weighted adjacency matrix of a connected weighted graph and $t$ is a sufficiently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-11 Pavel Chebotarev , R. B. Bapat , R. Balaji

Distance matrices of graphs were introduced by Graham and Pollack in 1971 to study a problem in communications. Since then, there has been extensive research on the distance matrices of graphs -- a 2014 survey by Aouchiche and Hansen on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-06 Leslie Hogben , Carolyn Reinhart

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. Let $\partial_1(G)\ge\partial_2(G)\ge\cdots\ge\partial_n(G)$ denote the eigenvalues of $D(G)$. In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-29 Xueyi Huang , Qiongxiang Huang , Lu Lu

We completely determine the spectrum of an $I$-graph, that is, the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We apply our result to prove known characterizations of connectedness and bipartiteness in $I$-graphs by using an spectral approach.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-12 Allana S. S. de Oliveira , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

Let $G$ be a connected graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$. The distance matrix $D(G)$ of $G$ has rows and columns indexed by $V(G)$ with $uv$-entry equal to the distance $\mathrm{dist}(u,v)$ which is the number of edges in a shortest path…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Carlos A. Alfaro , Octavio Zapata

Geometric graphs appear in many real-world data sets, such as road networks, sensor networks, and molecules. We investigate the notion of distance between embedded graphs and present a metric to measure the distance between two geometric…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Erin Wolf Chambers , Elizabeth Munch , Sarah Percival , Xinyi Wang

The commuting variety of matrices over a given field is a well-studied object in linear algebra and algebraic geometry. As a set, it consists of all pairs of square matrices with entries in that field that commute with one another. In this…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Madeleine Elyze , Alexander Guterman , Ralph Morrison , Klemen Šivic

Given a graph $G$, the Laplacian matrix of $G$, $L(G)$ is the difference of the adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and $\text{Deg}(G)$, where $\text{Deg}(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees. The distance Laplacian matrix $D^L({G})$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Subarsha Banerjee , Soumya Ganguly

In this paper, we consider the distance spectra of the derangement graphs. First we give a constructive proof that the connected derangement graphs are of diameter 2. Then we obtain their distance spectra. In particular, we determine all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-24 Yunnan Li , Huiqiu Lin

The eccentricity matrix of a simple connected graph is obtained from the distance matrix by only keeping the largest distances for each row and each column, whereas the remaining entries become zero. This matrix is also called the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Xinghui Zhao , Lihua You