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Related papers: New concept of connection in signed graphs

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Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. Let $\partial_1(G)\ge\partial_2(G)\ge\cdots\ge\partial_n(G)$ denote the eigenvalues of $D(G)$. In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-29 Xueyi Huang , Qiongxiang Huang , Lu Lu

Let ${\rm dim}(G)$ and $D(G)$ respectively denote the metric dimension and the distinguishing number of a graph $G$. It is proved that $D(G) \le {\rm dim}(G)+1$ holds for every connected graph $G$. Among trees, exactly paths and stars…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Meysam Korivand , Nasrin Soltankhah , Sandi Klavžar

I define a "group graph" which encodes the symmetry in a dynamical process on a network. Group graphs extend signed networks, where links are labelled with plus or minus one, by allowing link labels from any group and generalising the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-18 Tim S. Evans

Signed networks are graphs whose edges are labelled with either a positive or a negative sign, and can be used to capture nuances in interactions that are missed by their unsigned counterparts. The concept of balance in signed graph theory…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Bruno Ordozgoiti , Antonis Matakos , Aristides Gionis

Let $\Gamma=(G, \sigma)$ be a signed graph of order $n$ with eigenvalues $\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n.$ We define the Estrada index of a signed graph $\Gamma$ as $EE(\Gamma)=\sum_{i=1}^ne^{\mu_i}$. We characterize the signed unicyclic graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Tahir Shamsher , S. Pirzada , Mushtaq A. Bhat

In this paper we provide some sufficient conditions for the existence of an odd or even cycle that passing a given vertex or an edge in $2$-connected or $2$-edge connected graphs. We provide some similar conditions for the existence of an…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Saieed Akbari , Khashayar Etemadi , Peyman Ezzati , Mehrdad Ghadiri

This paper studies signed graphs with possible outer-edges. We introduce and investigate the chain group, the boundary operator, the co-boundary operator, the flow group, the tension group, the homology group, the cohomology group, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Beifang Chen

A signed graph is a pair $(G,\tau)$ of a graph $G$ and its sign $\tau$, where a \textit{sign} $\tau$ is a function from $\{ (e,v)\mid e\in E(G),v\in V(G), v\in e\}$ to $\{1,-1\}$. Note that graphs or digraphs are special cases of signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-03 JiSun Huh , Sangwook Kim , Boram Park

Let $\Gamma=(K_{n},H^-)$ be a signed complete graph whose negative edges induce a subgraph $H$. The index of $\Gamma$ is the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. In this paper we study the index of $\Gamma$ when $H$ is a unicyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-08 N. Kafai , F. Heydari , N. Jafari Rad , M. Maghasedi

For a graph with edge ordering, a linear order on the edge set, we obtain a permutation of vertices by considering the edges as transpositions of endvertices. It is known from D\'enes' results that the permutation of a tree is a full cyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Ryo Uchiumi

Alliances and conflicts in social, political and economic relations can be represented by positive and negative edges in signed networks. A cycle is said to be positive if the product of its edge signs is positive, otherwise it is negative.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-13 Fernando Diaz-Diaz , Paolo Bartesaghi , Ernesto Estrada

An ordering of the vertices of a graph is \emph{connected} if every vertex (but the first) has a neighbor among its predecessors. The greedy colouring algorithm of a graph with a connected order consists in taking the vertices in order, and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Ngoc Khang Le , Nicolas Trotignon

In fields ranging from business to systems biology, directed graphs with edges labeled by signs are used to model systems in a simple way: the nodes represent entities of some sort, and an edge indicates that one entity directly affects…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 John C. Baez , Adittya Chaudhuri

Many real-world relations can be represented by signed networks with positive links (e.g., friendships and trust) and negative links (e.g., foes and distrust). Link prediction helps advance tasks in social network analysis such as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Ghazaleh Beigi , Jiliang Tang , Huan Liu

Signed graphs have their edges labeled either as positive or negative. $\rho(M)$ denote the $M$-spectral radius of $\Sigma$, where $M=M(\Sigma)$ is a real symmetric graph matrix of $\Sigma$. Obviously,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Dan Li , Huiqiu Lin , Jixiang Meng

We consider signed graphs, i.e, graphs with positive or negative signs on their edges. We determine the admissible parameters for the $\{5,6,\ldots,10\}$-regular signed graphs which have only two distinct eigenvalues. For each obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Farzaneh Ramezani

Mixed connectivity is a generalization of vertex and edge connectivity. A graph is $(p,0)$-connected, $p>0$, if the graph remains connected after removal of any $p-1$ vertices. A graph is $(p,q)$-connected, $p\geq 0$, $q>0$, if it remains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-15 Rija Erves , Janez Zerovnik

Given an undirected simple graph, a subset of the vertices of the graph is a {\em dominating set} if every vertex not in the subset is adjacent to at least one vertex in the subset. A subset of the vertices of the graph is a {\em connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Masahisa Goto , Koji M. Kobayashi

We consider the class of graphs for which the edge connectivity is equal to the maximum number of edge-disjoint spanning trees, and the natural generalization to matroids, where the cogirth is equal to the number of disjoint bases. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-10 Robert F. Bailey , Mike Newman , Brett Stevens

We present a simple iterative strategy for measuring the connection strength between a pair of vertices in a graph. The method is attractive in that it has a linear complexity and can be easily parallelized. Based on an analysis of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-09-24 Jie Chen , Ilya Safro