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Related papers: New concept of connection in signed graphs

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Complex unit gain graphs may exhibit various kinds of symmetry. In this work, we explore structural symmetry, spectral symmetry and sign-symmetry in such graphs, and their respective relations to one-another. Our main result is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Pepijn Wissing , Edwin R. van Dam

It is well known that a graph $G$ has a symmetric spectrum if and only if it is bipartite, a signed graph $\Gamma=(G,\sigma)$ has a symmetric spectrum if $G$ is bipartite. However, there exists a spectrally symmetric signed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Deqiong Li , Qiongxiang Huang

A new metric for quantifying pairwise vertex connectivity in graphs is defined and an implementation presented. While general in nature, it features a combination of input features well-suited for social networks, including applicability to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-24 David L. Rhodes , Breanna N. Johnson

A colored graph is a complete graph in which a color has been assigned to each edge, and a colorful cycle is a cycle in which each edge has a different color. We first show that a colored graph lacks colorful cycles iff it is Gallai, i.e.,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Richard N. Ball , Aleš Pultr , Petr Vojtěchovský

The $k$-th exact-distance graph, of a graph $G$ has $V(G)$ as its vertex set, and $xy$ as an edge if and only if the distance between $x$ and $y$ is (exactly) $k$ in $G$. We consider two possible extensions of this notion for signed graphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Reza Naserasr , Patrice Ossona de Mendez , Daniel A. Quiroz , Robert Šámal , Weiqiang Yu

An edge-colored graph is a graph in which each edge is assigned a color. Such a graph is called strongly edge-colored if each color class forms an induced matching, and called rainbow if all edges receive pairwise distinct colors. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Laihao Ding , Xiaolan Hu , Suyun Jiang

The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of squares of the vertex degrees in a graph and the second Zagreb index of $G$ is the sum of products of degrees of adjacent vertices in $G$. The imbalance of an edge in $G$ is the numerical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Sudev Naduvath , Johan Kok

In this paper, we will give a structure theory for signed graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue and investigate signed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than $-1-\sqrt{2}$. Given a real number $\lambda\leq -1$, we show that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Jack H. Koolen , Jing-Yuan Liu , Qianqian Yang , Meng-Yue Cao

Let $G(V, E)$ be a simple connected graph, with $|E| = \epsilon.$ In this paper, we define an edge-set graph $\mathcal G_G$ constructed from the graph $G$ such that any vertex $v_{s,i}$ of $\mathcal G_G$ corresponds to the $i$-th…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Johan Kok , N. K. Sudev , K. P. Chithra

For any pair of edges $e,f$ of a graph $G$, we say that {\em $e,f$ are $P_3$-connected in $G$} if there exists a sequence of edges $e=e_0,e_1,\ldots, e_k=f$ such that $e_i$ and $e_{i+1}$ are two edges of an induced $3$-vertex path in $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Rong Chen

In this paper, we define the Mycielskian of a signed graph and discuss the properties of balance and switching in the Mycielskian of a given signed graph. We provide a condition for ensuring the Mycielskian of a balanced signed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-26 Albin Mathew , Germina K. A.

A signed graph $\Sigma = (G, \sigma)$ is a graph where the function $\sigma$ assigns either $1$ or $-1$ to each edge of the simple graph $G$. The adjacency matrix of $\Sigma$, denoted by $A(\Sigma)$, is defined canonically. In a recent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-06 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

A graph is called a chain graph if it is bipartite and the neighborhoods of the vertices in each color class form a chain with respect to inclusion. A threshold graph can be obtained from a chain graph by making adjacent all pairs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-02 M. Anđelić , E. Ghorbani , S. K. Simić

Let $G$ be a planar graph and let $C$ be a cycle in $G$. Inside of each finite face of $G$, we write down the number of edges of that face which belong to $C$. This is the signature of $C$ in $G$. The notion of a signature arises naturally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Nikolai Beluhov

An edge (vertex) coloured graph is rainbow-connected if there is a rainbow path between any two vertices, i.e. a path all of whose edges (internal vertices) carry distinct colours. Rainbow edge (vertex) connectivity of a graph $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Nina Kamčev , Michael Krivelevich , Benny Sudakov

Two competing types of interactions often play an important part in shaping system behavior, such as activatory or inhibitory functions in biological systems. Hence, signed networks, where each connection can be either positive or negative,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yu Tian , Renaud Lambiotte

This paper explores interlacing inequalities in the Laplacian spectrum of signed cycles and investigates interlacing relationship between the spectrum of the net-Laplacian of a signed graph and its subgraph formed by removing a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-19 Satyam Guragain , Ravi Srivastava

This note gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of non-negative integers to be the degree sequence of a connected simple graph. This result is implicit in a paper of Hakimi. A new alternative characterisation of these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-01 Jonathan McLaughlin

Given a connected graph $G$, the metric (resp. edge metric) dimension of $G$ is the cardinality of the smallest ordered set of vertices that uniquely identifies every pair of distinct vertices (resp. edges) of $G$ by means of distance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Martin Knor , Snjezana Majstorovic , Aoden Teo Masa Toshi , Riste Skrekovski , Ismael G. Yero

We define direct sums and a corresponding notion of connectedness for graph limits. Every graph limit has a unique decomposition as a direct sum of connected components. As is well-known, graph limits may be represented by symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-04-10 Svante Janson