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Accurately determining the crystallographic structure of a material, organic or inorganic, is a critical primary step in material development and analysis. The most common practices involve analysis of diffraction patterns produced in…

One of the most powerful approaches to imaging at the nanometer or subnanometer length scale is coherent diffraction imaging using X-ray sources. For amorphous (non-crystalline) samples, the raw data can be interpreted as the modulus of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Alexander Barnett , Charles L. Epstein , Leslie Greengard , Jeremy Magland

The diffraction pattern of a single non-periodic compact object, such as a molecule, is continuous and is proportional to the square modulus of the Fourier transform of that object. When arrayed in a crystal, the coherent sum of the…

Sampling strategies are important for sparse imaging methodologies, especially those employing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Chaotic sensing is one such methodology that employs deterministic, fractal sampling in conjunction with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-23 Jacob M. White , Stuart Crozier , Shekhar S. Chandra

Optical trapping can be used to manipulate the three-dimensional (3-D) motion of spherical particles based on the simple prediction of optical forces and the responding motion of samples. However, controlling the 3-D behaviour of…

Optics · Physics 2017-06-28 Kyoohyun Kim , YongKeun Park

Single Particle Imaging techniques at X-ray lasers have made significant strides, yet the challenge of determining the orientation of freely rotating molecules during delivery remains. In this study, we propose a novel method to partially…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Tomas André , Emiliano De Santis , Nicusor Timneanu , Carl Caleman

We present a simplified model for dynamical diffraction of particles through a periodic thick perfect crystal based on repeated application of a coherent beam splitting unitary at coarse-grained lattice sites. By demanding translational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-14 J. Nsofini , K. Ghofrani , D. Sarenac , D. G. Cory , D. A. Pushin

We consider the problem of direction finding using partly calibrated arrays, a distributed subarray with position errors between subarrays. The key challenge is to enhance angular resolution in the presence of position errors. To achieve…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Guangbin Zhang , Tianyao Huang , Yimin Liu , Xiqin Wang , Yonina C. Eldar

A new approach for analyzing waveguide junctions containing conductive cylindrical objects is proposed. The algorithm is based on mode matching technique using local projection functions, which improves the numerical conditioning of the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Malgorzata Warecka , Rafal Lech , Piotr Kowalczyk

Ellipsometry is a powerful and well-established optical technique used in the characterisation of materials. It works by combining the components of elliptically polarized light in order to draw information about the optical system. We…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-15 Manoel P. Araújo , Stefano De Leo , Gabriel G. Maia

We consider the inverse elastic scattering problems using the far field data due to one incident plane wave. A simple method is proposed to reconstruct the location and size of the obstacle using different components of the far field…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-04-09 J Liu , X. Liu , J. Sun

We focus on the crystal lattice ideal orientations, also referred to as preferred or attractor orientations, in crystalline materials, and how they can be used to predict the final texture of polycrystals after manufacturing processes. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-18 Jalal Smiri , Oguz Umut Salman , Ioan R. Ionescu

We present spherical analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with two new algorithms: (1) band localisation and band profile analysis using the spherical Radon transform; (2) orientation determination using spherical…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-09-04 Ralf Hielscher , Felix Bartel , Thomas Benjamin Britton

Optical diffraction tomography relies on solving an inverse scattering problem governed by the wave equation. Classical reconstruction algorithms are based on linear approximations of the forward model (Born or Rytov), which limits their…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Emmanuel Soubies , Thanh-An Pham , Michael Unser

In single molecule orientation localization microscopy, valuable information about the orientation and longitudinal position of each molecule is often encoded in the shape of the point spread function (PSF). This shape, though, can be…

We present a new analysis method for atomic resolution four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM, in which a diffraction pattern is collected at each point of a raster scan of a focused electron beam across the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 Yining Xie , Eoin Moynihan , Marin Alexe , Louis Piper , Ana Sanchez , Richard Beanland

In diffraction imaging, one is tasked with reconstructing a signal from its power spectrum. To resolve the ambiguity in this inverse problem, one might invoke prior knowledge about the signal, but phase retrieval algorithms in this vein…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-06-26 Afonso S. Bandeira , Yutong Chen , Dustin G. Mixon

Optical multiplexing is a key technique that enhances the capacity of optical systems by independently modulating various optical parameters to carry distinct information. Among these parameters, wavelength, polarization, and angle are the…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-20 Rui Wei , Hongsheng Shi , Boyou Wang , Baojun Li , Yanjun Bao

The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-12 Tomas Ekeberg , Stefan Engblom , Jing Liu

Numerous vector angular spectrum methods have been presented to model the vectorial nature of diffractive electromagnetic field, facilitating optical field engineering in polarization-related and high numerical aperture systems. However,…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-29 Chengda Song , Jing He , Guanghui Yuan