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In games with incomplete and ambiguous information, rational behavior depends not only on fundamental ambiguity (ambiguity about states) but also on strategic ambiguity (ambiguity about others' actions), which further induces hierarchies of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-11-22 Takashi Ui

We unify standard frameworks for approachability both in full or partial monitoring by defining a new abstract game, called the "purely informative game", where the outcome at each stage is the maximal information players can obtain,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-17 Vianney Perchet , Marc Quincampoix

This paper introduces a new solution concept for non-cooperative games in normal form with no ties and pure strategies: the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium. The players are rational in all possible worlds and know each other's strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Ghislain Fourny

We investigate multi-round team competitions between two teams, where each team selects one of its players simultaneously in each round and each player can play at most once. The competition defines an extensive-form game with perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-25 Kai Jin , Pingzhong Tang , Shiteng Chen

A natural goal in multiagent learning besides finding equilibria is to learn rationalizable behavior, where players learn to avoid iteratively dominated actions. However, even in the basic setting of multiplayer general-sum games, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yuanhao Wang , Dingwen Kong , Yu Bai , Chi Jin

We propose a new mean-field game model with two states to study synchronization phenomena, and we provide a comprehensive characterization of stationary and dynamic equilibria along with their stability properties. The game undergoes a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Felix Höfer , H. Mete Soner

Learning in games considers how multiple agents maximize their own rewards through repeated games. Memory, an ability that an agent changes his/her action depending on the history of actions in previous games, is often introduced into…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yuma Fujimoto , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

Revealing the interaction topology underlying strategic behavior is fundamental to prediction, intervention, and policy design in networked systems. Yet the interaction matrix is often unobservable, and passive observation of repeated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Xiaoyu Xin , Longxu Zhang , Jinlong Lei , Yiguang Hong

Conventional noncooperative game theory hypothesizes that the joint strategy of a set of players in a game must satisfy an "equilibrium concept". All other joint strategies are considered impossible; the only issue is what equilibrium…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert

This paper studies two important signal processing aspects of equilibrium behavior in non-cooperative games arising in social networks, namely, reinforcement learning and detection of equilibrium play. The first part of the paper presents a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Omid Namvar Gharehshiran , William Hoiles , Vikram Krishnamurthy

Sequential equilibrium is one of the most fundamental refinements of Nash equilibrium for games in extensive form. However, it is not defined for extensive-form games in which a player can choose among a continuum of actions. We define a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-29 Michael Greinecker , Martin Meier , Konrad Podczeck

Games offer a compelling paradigm for developing general reasoning capabilities in language models, as they naturally demand strategic planning, probabilistic inference, and adaptive decision-making. However, existing self-play approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiachong Feng , Deyi Yin , Xiaocheng Feng , Yi Jiang , Libo Qin , Yangfan Ye , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Qiming Li , Yuxuan Gu , Bing Qin , Lingpeng Kong

In human conversation, both interlocutors play an active role in maintaining mutual understanding. When listeners are uncertain about what speakers mean, for example, they can request clarification. It is an open question for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Manar Ali , Judith Sieker , Sina Zarrieß , Hendrik Buschmeier

The use of game theoretic methods for control in multiagent systems has been an important topic in recent research. Valid utility games in particular have been used to model real-world problems; such games have the convenient property that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-16 David Grimsman , Philip N. Brown , Jason R. Marden

Mean Field Game systems describe equilibrium configurations in differential games with infinitely many infinitesimal interacting agents. We introduce a learning procedure (similar to the Fictitious Play) for these games and show its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-03 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Saeed Hadikhanloo

We consider mean field games with discrete state spaces (called discrete mean field games in the following) and we analyze these games in continuous and discrete time, over finite as well as infinite time horizons. We prove the existence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Josu Doncel , Nicolas Gast , Bruno Gaujal

We investigate infinite games on finite graphs where the information flow is perturbed by nondeterministic signalling delays. It is known that such perturbations make synthesis problems virtually unsolvable, in the general case. On the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Dietmar Berwanger , Marie van den Bogaard

There is a common belief that humans and many animals follow transitive inference (choosing A over C on the basis of knowing that A is better than B and B is better than C). Transitivity seems to be the essence of rational choice. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-23 Marcin Makowski , Edward W. Piotrowski

Infinitely repeated games support equilibrium concepts beyond those present in one-shot games (e.g., cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma). Nonetheless, repeated games fail to capture our real-world intuition for settings with many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Henry Fleischmann , Kiriaki Fragkia , Ratip Emin Berker

We study an evolutionary game of chance in which the probabilities for different outcomes (e.g., heads or tails) depend on the amount wagered on those outcomes. The game is perhaps the simplest possible probabilistic game in which…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-08-29 Dmitriy Cherkashin , J. Doyne Farmer , Seth Lloyd