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We show here that what we call visual space of consciousness, the space of what we see, is a specific space different from the purely physical one and that its properties imply that it cannot be reduced to or deduced from physical laws.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-28 Iegor Reznikoff

Are minds subject to laws of physics? Are the laws of physics computable? Are conscious thought processes computable? Currently there is little agreement as to what are the right answers to these questions. Penrose goes one step further and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-17 C. Calude , D. I. Campbell , K. Svozil , D. Ştefănecu

In this project, I seek to present a summarization and unpacking of themes of fairness both in the field of computer science and philosophy. This is motivated by an increased dependence on notions of fairness in computer science and the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Henry Cerbone

Halfway between the experiment and the focus group, between the quiz and a game, we have experienced a new format to "focus" on sustainability and the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and its principles. Concepts as reversibility,…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-07-09 D. Domenici , G. Mazzitelli

The current state-of-the-art in artificial intelligence is impressive, especially in terms of mastery of language, but not so much in terms of mathematical reasoning. What could be missing? Can we learn something useful about that gap from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin

Studying Mathematics requires a synthesis of skills from a multitude of academic disciplines; logical reasoning being chief among them. This paper explores mathematical logical preparedness of students entering first year university…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Shannon Ezzat , Scott Rodney

[Taken from the "README" in the book] My goal with this book is to provide some kind of bridge for mathematics between the high-school-level and college-level for physics students. From my perspective, our job as physicists is to observe…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-05-31 William J. Meese

Intentions are crucial for our practical reasoning. The rational intention obeys some simple logical principles, such as agglomeration and consistency, among others, motivating the search for a proper logic of intention. However, such a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Daniil Khaitovich , Aybüke Özgün

Recent work on artificial consciousness shifts evaluation from behaviour to internal architecture, deriving indicators from theories of consciousness and updating credences accordingly. This is progress beyond naive Turing-style tests. But…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Florentin Koch

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-08 Ariel Caticha

I assess various proposals for the source of the intuition that there is something problematic about contextuality, ultimately concluding that contextuality is best thought of in terms of fine-tuning. I then argue that as with other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Emily Adlam

The mindset literature is a longstanding area of psychological research focused on beliefs about intelligence, response to challenge, and goals for learning (Dweck, 2000). However, the mindset literature's applicability to the context of…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-07-31 Angela Little , Bridget Humphrey , Abigail Green , Abhilash Nair , Vashti Sawtelle

The mathematisation of the socio-economic sphere, where mathematics actively constructs social reality, presents a challenge for studies on ethics in mathematics and its education. While existing scholarship on ethics in mathematics offers…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Dennis Müller

Recent work by Faizal et al. (2025) claims that G\"odelian undecidability of non-algorithmic truths in our universe imply the impossibility of a formal, algorithmic simulation of the universe. This paper clarifies the distinction between…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Evan Redden

Mathematics cannot anymore be assimilated to a linguistic game, where formal proofs are strongly differentiated with conjectural thinking, without building any category of knowledge to understand the passage (Wittgenstein's gist). Nowadays,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2008-01-08 Joel Merker

The author recalls general tendencies of the "mathematization" of the sciences and derives challenges and tentative obstructions for a successful merger of mathematics and physics on fancied steps towards "Quantum Gravity". This is an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek

The mysterious phenomenon of consciousness, after having been the subject of philosophic attention for few millennia, has drawn much scientific curiosity in recent decades; and many brilliant minds of various areas of sciences are trying to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-01 Jahan N. Schad

The tension between deduction and induction is perhaps the most fundamental issue in areas such as philosophy, cognition and artificial intelligence (AI). The deduction camp concerns itself with questions about the expressiveness of formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Vaishak Belle

Science is a crowning glory of the human spirit and its applications remain our best hope for social progress. But there are limitations to current science and perhaps to any science. The general mind-body problem is known to be intractable…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-29 Jerome Feldman

The hard problem in consciousness is the problem of understanding how physical processes in the brain could give rise to subjective conscious experience. In this paper, I suggest that in order to understand the relationship between…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Ranjan Mukhopadhyay