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Robust and accurate ball detection is a critical component for autonomous humanoid soccer robots, particularly in dynamic and challenging environments such as RoboCup outdoor fields. However, traditional supervised approaches require…

In the RoboCup Small Size League (SSL), teams are encouraged to propose solutions for executing basic soccer tasks inside the SSL field using only embedded sensing information. Thus, this work proposes an embedded monocular vision approach…

Humanoid soccer robots perceive their environment exclusively through cameras. This paper presents a monocular vision system that was originally developed for use in the RoboCup Humanoid League, but is expected to be transferable to other…

Soccer ball detection is identified as one of the critical challenges in the RoboCup competition. It requires an efficient vision system capable of handling the task of detection with high precision and recall and providing robust and low…

Self-localization is essential in robot soccer, where accurate detection of visual field features, such as lines and boundaries, is critical for reliable pose estimation. This paper presents a lightweight and efficient method for detecting…

The goal of this paper is to propose a vision system for humanoid robotic soccer that does not use any color information. The main features of this system are: (i) real-time operation in the NAO robot, and (ii) the ability to detect the…

RoboCup represents an International testbed for advancing research in AI and robotics, focusing on a definite goal: developing a robot team that can win against the human world soccer champion team by the year 2050. To achieve this goal,…

The RoboCup competitions hold various leagues, and the Soccer Simulation 2D League is a major among them. Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) match involves two teams, including 11 players and a coach for each team, competing against each other.…

The RoboCup 3D Soccer Simulation League serves as a competitive platform for showcasing innovation in autonomous humanoid robot agents through simulated soccer matches. Our team, FC Portugal, developed a new codebase from scratch in Python…

Over the past few years, soccer-playing humanoid robots have advanced significantly. Elementary skills, such as bipedal walking, visual perception, and collision avoidance have matured enough to allow for dynamic and exciting games. When…

When producing a model to object detection in a specific context, the first obstacle is to have a dataset labeling the desired classes. In RoboCup, some leagues already have more than one dataset to train and evaluate a model. However, in…

RoboCup offers a set of benchmark problems for Artificial Intelligence in form of official world championships since 1997. The most tactical advanced and richest in terms of behavioural complexity of these is the 2D Soccer Simulation…

Reinforcement learning is an active research area with a vast number of applications in robotics, and the RoboCup competition is an interesting environment for studying and evaluating reinforcement learning methods. A known difficulty in…

We present SoccerGuard, a novel framework for predicting injuries in women's soccer using Machine Learning (ML). This framework can ingest data from multiple sources, including subjective wellness and training load reports from players,…

Robot decision-making in partially observable, real-time, dynamic, and multi-agent environments remains a difficult and unsolved challenge. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to learning decision-making in such…

This work presents an application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for the complete control of real soccer robots of the IEEE Very Small Size Soccer (VSSS), a traditional league in the Latin American Robotics Competition (LARC). In the VSSS…

This paper presents the concepts of Artificial Intelligence, Multi-Agent-Systems, Coordination, Intelligent Robotics and Deep Reinforcement Learning. Emphasis is given on and how AI and DRL, may be efficiently used to create efficient robot…

Robot table tennis systems require a vision system that can track the ball position with low latency and high sampling rate. Altering the ball to simplify the tracking using for instance infrared coating changes the physics of the ball…

Physically-realistic simulated environments are powerful platforms for enabling measurable, replicable and statistically-robust investigation of complex robotic systems. Such environments are epitomised by the RoboCup simulation leagues,…

Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) is a simulation of a real soccer game in two dimensions. In soccer, passing behavior is an essential action for keeping the ball in possession of our team and creating goal opportunities. Similarly, for SS2D,…