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These notes introduce the fundamentals of black hole geometry, the thermality of the vacuum, and the Hawking effect, in spacetime and its analogues. Stimulated emission of Hawking radiation, the trans-Planckian question, short wavelength…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Ted Jacobson

In a seminal work, Hawking showed that natural states for free quantum matter fields on classical spacetimes that solve the spherically symmetric vacuum Einstein equations are KMS states of non-vanishing temperature. Although Hawking's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-01 Thomas Thiemann

In this invited review, we describe Hawking's information paradox and a recently proposed resolution of it. Explicit calculations demonstrate the existence of quantum hair on black holes, meaning that the quantum state of the external…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-24 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

We characterize new universal features of the dynamics of chaotic quantum many-body systems, by considering a hypothetical task of "time estimation." Most macroscopic observables in a chaotic system equilibrate to nearly constant late-time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Haifeng Tang , Shreya Vardhan , Jinzhao Wang

The memory burden effect is an explicit resolution to the information paradox by which an evaporating black hole acquires quantum hair, which then suppresses its rate of mass loss with respect to the semi-classical Hawking rate. We show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-24 Ujjwal Basumatary , Nirmal Raj , Anupam Ray

Recent implications of results from quantum information theory applied to black holes has led to the confusing conclusions that requires either abandoning the equivalence principle (e.g. the firewall picture), or the no-hair theorem (e.g.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Ue-Li Pen

We analyze the correlations functions across the horizon in Hawking black hole radiation to reveal the correlations between Hawking particles and their partners. The effects of the underlying space-time on this are shown in various examples…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-28 Roberto Balbinot , Alessandro Fabbri

The time evolution of black holes involves both the canonical equations of quantum gravity and the statistical mechanics of Hawking radiation, neither of which contains a time variable. In order to introduce the time, we apply the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Roberto Casadio

In this paper we first give arguments supporting the idea that a B.T.Z black hole can face a transplankian problem even when its mass is small. K.M.M quantum theory is applied to the Hawking evaporation of the Schwarzchild and B.T.Z black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Musongela Lubo

Inspired by the condensed-matter analogues of black holes, we study the quantum correlations across the event horizon reflecting the entanglement between the outgoing particles of the Hawking radiation and their in-falling partners. For a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Ralf Schützhold , William G. Unruh

Condensed matter black hole analogues may provide guidance in grappling with difficult questions about the role of short distance physics in the Hawking effect. These questions bear on the very existence of Hawking radiation, the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Ted Jacobson , Tatsuhiko Koike

In this thesis, we have studied the information loss paradox in detail. As a first step, we have derived the main results of quantum field theory in a curved background. We have discussed the case of the free scalar Klein-Gordon field and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-02 Francisco Martínez López

Thirty years ago, John Preskill concluded "that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution in fundamental physics" and mused that "Conceivably, the puzzle of black hole evaporation portends a scientific revolution as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Stephen Boughn

Classically, the black hole (BH) horizon is completely opaque, hiding any clues about the state and very existence of its interior. Quantum mechanically and in equilibrium, the situation is not much different: Hawking radiation will now be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-02-28 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved

We revisit the hypothesis of a possible line structure in the Hawking evaporation spectrum of black holes. Because of nonperturbative quantum gravity effects, this would take place arbitrarily far away from the Planck mass. We show, based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-04 Aurélien Barrau

We analyze the physical consequences of scattering Hawking radiation emitted in the vicinity of the horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. The Hawking radiation from the horizon becomes soft at a large distance away from the horizon due to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-24 Peng Cheng

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

Following Hawking, it is usual to mimic the effect of collapse space-time geometry on quantum fields in a semi-classical approximation by imposing suitable boundary conditions at the origin of coordinates, which effectively becomes a moving…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Wilczek

The trans-Planckian and information loss problems are usually discussed in the literature as separate issues concerning the nature of Hawking radiation. Here we instead argue that they are intimately linked, and can be understood as "two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-18 Stefano Liberati , Lorenzo Sindoni , Sebastiano Sonego

The Hawking radiation is one of the most interesting phenomena predicted by the theory of quantum field in curved space. The origin of Hawking radiation is closely related to the fact that a particle which marginally escapes from collapsing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Yoshiaki Himemoto , Takahiro Tanaka