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The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect ranks among the most notable quantum interference phenomena, and is central to many applications in quantum technologies. The fundamental effect appears when two independent and indistinguishable photons are…

We experimentally demonstrated the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between two photons after visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion. In the experiment, we prepared a heralded single photon by using spontaneous parametric…

We show that the parity (evenness or oddness) of a nonclassical state of light has a dominant influence on the interference effects at a balanced beam splitter, irrespective of the state initially occupying the other input mode.…

We study the impact of distinguishability and mixedness -- two fundamental properties of quantum states -- on quantum interference. We show that these can influence the interference of multiple particles in different ways, leading to…

Interference between two completely independent photons lies at the heart of many photonic quantum information applications such as quantum repeaters, teleportation, and quantum key distribution. Here, we report the observation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Heonoh Kin , Danbi Kim , Jiho Park , Han Seb Moon

Quantum interference between identical single particles reveals the intrinsic quantum statistic nature of particles, which could not be interpreted through classical physics. Here, we demonstrate quantum interference between non-identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Keyu Su , Yi Zhong , Shanchao Zhang , Jianfeng Li , Chang-Ling Zou , Yunfei Wang , Hui Yan , Shi-Liang Zhu

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beam splitter, is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Here, we report a…

We examine multiphoton interference with a symmetric $SU(N)$ beam splitter $S_N$, an extension of features of the $SU(2)$ 50/50 beam splitter extended Hong-Ou-Mandel (eHOM) effect, whereby one obtains a zero amplitude (probability) for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Paul M. Alsing , Richard J. Birrittella , Peter L. Kaulfuss

Photon statistics plays a governing role in multi-photon interference. While interference visibility in the standard two-photon case, known as Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, monotonically degrades with higher intensity correlation functions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Rikizo Ikuta

The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is a paradigmatic quantum phenomenon demonstrating the interference of two indistinguishable photons that are linearly coupled at a 50:50 beam splitter. Here, we transpose such a two-particle quantum interference…

Two-photon interference in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer can be used as a quantum sensing mechanism due to the sensitivity of the interference dip to perturbations of the photon indistinguishability. In particular, recent works have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Carolina Gonçalves , Tiago D. Ferreira , Catarina S. Monteiro , Nuno A. Silva

Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The exiting researches on two-photon interference were mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DoF), hence it is still a challenge…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment is a fundamental demonstration of nonclassical interference and a basis for many investigations of quantum information. This experiment involves the interference of two photons reaching a symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Nicholas S. DiBrita , Enrique J. Galvez

We report the experimental observation of a spatio-temporal Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of bi-photon states of extremely high Schmidt number. Two-photon interference of 1500 spatial modes and a total of more than 3x10^6…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Fabrice Devaux , Alexis Mosset , Paul-Antoine Moreau , Eric Lantz

The Hong--Ou--Mandel (HOM) effect is often introduced through a single benchmark: coincidence suppression for \(\ket{1}\otimes\ket{1}\) at a balanced beam splitter. We present a classroom-oriented instructional module that broadens this…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-28 Melissa Coronado Arrieta , Boris Kiefer

Although quantum physics is well understood in inertial reference frames (flat spacetime), a current challenge is the search for experimental evidence of non-trivial or unexpected behaviour of quantum systems in non-inertial frames. Here,…

Photons are bosons, and yet, when prepared in specific entangled states, they can exhibit non-bosonic behaviour. While this phenomenon has so far been studied in two-photon systems, exchange symmetries and interference effects in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Shreya Kumar , Alex E Jones , Daniel Bhatti , Stefanie Barz

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-04 Dmitry N. Makarov

In quantum mechanics, the exchange symmetry of wave functions for identical particles has observable effects, including the widely studied Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. A theoretical description using second quantization is elegant but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Zhi Jiao Deng , Xin Zhang , Yong Shen , Wei Tao Liu , Ping Xing Chen

Quantum frequency up-conversion is a cutting-edge technique that leverages the interaction between photons and quantum systems to shift the frequency of single photons from a lower frequency to a higher frequency. If the photon before…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Jiaxuan Wang , Alexei V. Sokolov , Girish S. Agarwal