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Related papers: A General Proof of the Quantum Null Energy Conditi…

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We use holography to prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) at leading order in large-$N$ for CFTs and relevant deformations of CFTs in Minkowski space which have Einstein gravity duals. Given any codimension-2 surface $\Sigma$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-20 Jason Koeller , Stefan Leichenauer

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a quantum generalization of the null energy condition which gives a lower bound on the null energy in terms of the second derivative of the von Neumann entropy or entanglement entropy of some…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-30 Taha A Malik , Rafael Lopez-Mobilia

We prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC), a lower bound on the stress tensor in terms of the second variation in a null direction of the entropy of a region. The QNEC arose previously as a consequence of the Quantum Focussing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Raphael Bousso , Zachary Fisher , Jason Koeller , Stefan Leichenauer , Aron C. Wall

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) relates energy to the second variation of entropy in relativistic quantum field theory. We use the QNEC inequality to bound entanglement entropy in quenches. At early times the entanglement entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-04 Márk Mezei , Julio Virrueta

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a conjectured bound on components $(T_{kk} = T_{ab} k^a k^b$) of the stress tensor along a null vector $k^a$ at a point $p$ in terms of a second $k$-derivative of the von Neumann entropy $S$ on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-12-29 Zicao Fu , Jason Koeller , Donald Marolf

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the stress-energy tensor in quantum field theory that has been proved quite generally. It can equivalently be phrased as a positivity condition on the second null shape derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Mudassir Moosa , Pratik Rath , Vincent Paul Su

We give a simplified proof of the quantum null energy condition (QNEC). Our proof is based on an explicit formula for the shape derivative of the relative entropy, with respect to an entangling cut. It allows bypassing the analytic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 Stefan Hollands , Roberto Longo

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a new local energy condition that a general Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is believed to satisfy, relating the classical null energy condition (NEC) to the second functional derivative of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-04 Christian Ecker , Daniel Grumiller , Wilke van der Schee , Philipp Stanzer

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the expectation value of the null-null component of the energy-momentum tensor in terms of null variations of the entanglement entropy. A stronger version of the QNEC (the primary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-17 Tanay Kibe , Pratik Roy

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is the only known consistent local energy condition in quantum theories. Contrary to the classical energy condition which are known to be violated in QFT, QNEC is a consequence of the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-09-16 Philipp Stanzer

We investigate whether the null energy, averaged over some region of spacetime, is bounded below in QFT. First, we use light-sheet quantization to prove a version of the "Smeared Null Energy Condition" (SNEC) proposed in [1], applicable for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-16 Jackson R. Fliss , Ben Freivogel

The Improved Quantum Null Energy Condition (INEC) was recently derived from the (restricted) quantum focusing conjecture (QFC), and is a statement about the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of field theories in Minkowski space-time. It is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-28 Ido Ben-Dayan , Ayushi Srivastava

We investigate the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) in holographic CFTs, focusing on half-spaces and particular classes of states. We present direct, and in certain cases nonperturbative, calculations for both the diagonal and off-…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-26 Zuhair U. Khandker , Sandipan Kundu , Daliang Li

We consider the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) for holographic conformal field theories in two spacetime dimensions (CFT$_2$). We show that QNEC saturates for all states dual to vacuum solutions of AdS$_3$ Einstein gravity, including…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-04 Christian Ecker , Daniel Grumiller , Wilke van der Schee , Shahin Sheikh-Jabbari , Philipp Stanzer

We consider averaged null energy conditions (ANEC) for strongly coupled quantum field theories in even (two and four) dimensional curved spacetimes by applying the no-bulk-shortcut principle in the context of the AdS/CFT duality. In the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Norihiro Iizuka , Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda

Quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is usually stated as a bound on the expectation value of null components of the stress energy tensor at a point in terms of second null shape variations of the entanglement entropy at the same point. It…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-17 Pratik Roy

We examine the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) for a $2+1$-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) at strong coupling in the background of a wormhole spacetime by employing the AdS/CFT correspondence. First, we numerically construct a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-14 Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda , Eric Mefford

The null energy condition (NEC), an important assumption of the Penrose singularity theorem, is violated by quantum fields. The natural generalization of the NEC in quantum field theory, the renormalized null energy averaged over a finite…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-11 Jackson R. Fliss , Ben Freivogel , Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

We derive new families of quantum null energy inequalities (QNEIs), i.e. bounds on integrated null energy, in quantum field theories in two and higher dimensions. These are universal, state-independent lower bounds on semi-local integrals…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-17 Jackson R. Fliss , Andrew Rolph

We compute the local second variation of the von Neumann entropy of a region in theories with a gravity dual. For null variations our formula says that the diagonal part of the Quantum Null Energy Condition is saturated in every state, thus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-17 Stefan Leichenauer , Adam Levine , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam
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