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Molecular motors transduce chemical energy obtained from hydrolizing ATP into mechanical work exerted against an external force. We calculate their efficiency at maximum power output for two simple generic models and show that the…
Minimal models of active and driven particles have recently been used to elucidate many properties non-equilibrium systems. However, the relation between energy consumption and changes in the structure and transport properties of these…
In this work we include, for the Carnot cycle, irreversibilities of linear finite rate of heat transferences between the heat engine and its reservoirs, heat leak between the reservoirs and internal dissipations of the working fluid. A…
A very promising approach to obtain efficient upconversion of light is the use of triplet-triplet annihilation of excitations in molecular systems. In real materials, besides upconversion, many other physical processes take place -…
Escherichia coli has long been used as a model organism due to the extensive experimental characterization of its pathways and molecular components. Take chemotaxis as an example, which allows bacteria to sense and swim in response to…
We provide a rigorous definition of free-energy transduction and its efficiency in arbitrary -- linear or nonlinear -- open chemical reaction networks (CRNs) operating at steady state. Our method is based on the knowledge of the…
The energies of a pair of strongly-interacting subsystems with arbitrary noninteger charges are examined from closed and open system perspectives. An ensemble representation of the charge dependence is derived, valid at all interaction…
Photoionization by high-energy photons creates nonthermal electrons with a broad range of energies that heat and chemically transform the atmospheres of planets. The specifics of the interactions are notably different when the gas is atomic…
We discuss applications of statistical-mechanical lattice-gas models to study static and dynamic aspects of electrochemical adsorption. The strategy developed to describe specific systems includes microscopic model formulation, calculation…
Cells generally convert nutrient resources to useful products via energy transduction. Accordingly, the thermodynamic efficiency of this conversion process is one of the most essential characteristics of living organisms. However, although…
Supercapacitors are increasingly used as energy storage elements. Unlike batteries, their state of charge has a considerable influence on their voltage in normal operation, allowing them to work from zero to their maximum voltage. In this…
We summarize recent work to develop an effective theory of muon-to-electron conversion, based on a complete set of low-energy effective operators that are developed from a systematic expansion in velocities and momenta. The expansion…
Chemical potential is an effective way to drive phase transition or express wettability. In this letter, we present a chemical-potential-based lattice Boltzmann model to simulate multiphase flows. The nonideal force is directly evaluated by…
Electrochemical CO2 reduction offers a method to use renewable electricity to convert CO2 into CO and other carbon-based chemical building blocks. While nearly all studies rely on a CO2 feed, we show herein that aqueous bicarbonate…
To phase-out fossil fuels, energy systems must shift to renewable electricity as the main source of primary energy. In this paper, we analyze how electrification can support the integration of fluctuating renewables, like wind and PV, and…
Protein conformational changes are activated processes essential for protein functions. Activation in a protein differs from activation in a small molecule in that it involves directed and systematic energy flows through preferred channels…
It is shown that a heat energy can be transformed in an electric energy of direct current by the use of an inhomogeneous superconducting ring. This trasformation is possible both at an iterative change of temperature and at an unaltered…
Energy functions for pure and heterogenous systems are one of the backbones for molecular simulation of condensed phase systems. With the advent of machine learned potential energy surfaces (ML-PESs) a new era has started. Statistical…
We extend a previously studied lattice model of particles with infinite repulsions to the case of finite energy interactions. The phase diagram is studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations of dynamical phenomena are…
The temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity is taken into account to study the energy change in a capacitor that follows a cycle between a cold and a hot thermal reservoirs. There is a net energy gain in the process that, in…