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Related papers: Energy conversion in isothermal nonlinear irrevers…

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Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating energy at the level of their microscopic components. This energy flux stems from the conversion of a fuel, present in the environment, into sustained…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-15 Étienne Fodor , Robert L. Jack , Michael E. Cates

The integration of the coupling effects of intrinsic wettability and surface charge in a nanochannel can cause non-intuitive behavior in the electrokinetic energy conversion processes. We demonstrate that in a nanofluidic device the energy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-12 Chirodeep Bakli , Suman Chakraborty

The grand potential of a system of interacting electrons is considered as a stationary point of a self-energy functional. It is shown that a rigorous evaluation of the functional is possible for self-energies that are representable within a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-10 Michael Potthoff

The fundamental issue in the energetic performance of power plants, working both as traditional fuel engines and as combined cycle turbine (gas-steam), lies in quantifying the internal irreversibilities which are associated with the working…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-31 S. Levario-Medina , G. Valencia-Ortega , M. A. Barranco-Jiménez

Non-equilibrium transport properties and energy conversion performance of a molecular photo-voltaic cell are analyzed using the Lindblad master equation within the open quantum systems approach. The method allows us to calculate the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-04-09 Shigeru Ajisaka , Bojan Zunkovic , Yonatan Dubi

Electrocatalysis provides an avenue for transitioning the global energy dependence from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. While electrocatalytic reactions are being used for several decades, recently, there is a growing interest for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Varada Purohit , Avdhoot Datar

We reformulate and extend porous electrode theory for non-ideal active materials, including those capable of phase transformations. Using principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we relate the cell voltage, ionic fluxes, and Faradaic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-08-24 Todd R. Ferguson , Martin Z. Bazant

The bottleneck in modern thermoelectric power generation and cooling is the low energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials. The detrimental effects of lattice phonons on performance can be mitigated, but achieving a high…

Bioelectrochemical systems are electrochemical cells that rely on conductive biofilms covering an electrode. We consider the example of a microbial fuel cell, and we derive a dynamic model of ion transport, biochemical reactions and…

Chemical reactions involve the movement of charges, and this work presents a mathematical model for describing chemical reactions in electrolytes. The model is developed using an energy variational method that aligns with classical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Shixin Xu , Robert Eisenberg , Zilong Song , Huaxiong Huang

The paper considers a model for the solar cell as a mechanical open-cycle thermodynamic engine where the chemical potential is produced in an isochoric process corresponding to the thermalization of electron-hole pairs. Expansion of the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Tom Markvart

Conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work is the fundamental mechanism of several natural phenomena at the nanoscale, like molecular machines and Brownian motors. Quantum mechanical effects are relevant for optimising these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ugo Marzolino

Starting with Carnot engine, the ideal efficiency of a heat engine has been associated with quasi-static transformations and vanishingly small output power. Here, we exactly calculate the thermodynamic properties of a isothermal heat…

The article contains the calculation of the efficiency of ideal ferrielectric energy converter, the working body of which is ferrielectric and which converts the heat energy of low-potential water into the electric energy. Its operation is…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-06-14 M. D. Zviadadze , I. G. Margvelashvili , A. G. Kvirikadze , L. A. Zamtaradze , A. I. Berdzenishvili

We develop a model describing the electrochemical conversion of an organic semiconductor (specifically, the active material in a light-emitting electrochemical cell) from the undoped non-conducting state to the doped conducting state. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-14 M. Modestov , V. Bychkov , G. Brodin , D. Valiev , M. Marklund , P. Matyba , L. Edman

Current formulations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of open chemical reaction networks only consider chemostats as free-energy sources sustaining nonequilibrium behaviours. Here, we extend the theory to include incoherent light as a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-16 Emanuele Penocchio , Riccardo Rao , Massimiliano Esposito

We theoretically demonstrate that electromagnetic energy can be obtained by direct, lossless, conversion from gravitational and kinetic energies. For this purpose we discuss the properties of an electromechanical system which consists of a…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-07-08 Osvaldo F. Schilling

Exergy represents the maximum useful work possible when a system at a specific state reaches equilibrium with the environmental dead state at temperature To. Correspondingly, the exergy difference between two states is the maximum work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-01 Yaodong Tu , Gang Chen

In this paper, we introduce a real symmetric and positive semi-definite matrix, which we call the non-equilibrium conductance matrix, and which generalizes the Onsager response matrix for a system in a non-equilibrium stationary state. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-16 Hadrien Vroylandt , David Lacoste , Gatien Verley

So far, the efficiency of thermoelectric energy conversion remains low compared to traditional technologies, such as coal or nuclear. This low efficiency can be explained by connecting the thermoelastic properties of the electronic working…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-02-28 I. Khomchenko , H. Ouerdane , G. Benenti