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When a neural network (NN) is used to decode a polar code, its training complexity scales exponentially as the code block size (or to be precise, as a number of message bits) increases. Therefore, existing solutions that use a neural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Evgeny Stupachenko

The rise of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has significantly improved automated code generation, enhancing software development efficiency. However, this introduces challenges in academia, particularly in distinguishing between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

As the mobile application landscape expands, wireless networks are tasked with supporting different connection profiles, including real-time traffic and delay-sensitive communications. Among many ensuing engineering challenges is the need…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Fatemeh Hamidi-Sepehr , Jean-Francois Chamberland , Henry D. Pfister

Many probabilistic inference tasks involve summations over exponentially large sets. Recently, it has been shown that these problems can be reduced to solving a polynomial number of MAP inference queries for a model augmented with randomly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Stefano Ermon , Carla P. Gomes , Ashish Sabharwal , Bart Selman

Inference methods play an important role in eliciting the performance of large language models (LLMs). Currently, LLMs use inference methods utilizing generated multiple samples, which can be derived from Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) Decoding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Taro Watanabe

The use of large language models (LLMs) for automated code generation has emerged as a significant focus within AI research. As these pretrained models continue to evolve, their ability to understand and generate complex code structures has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Nazmus Ashrafi , Salah Bouktif , Mohammed Mediani

In this paper, the linear programming (LP) decoder for binary linear codes, introduced by Feldman, et al. is extended to joint-decoding of binary-input finite-state channels. In particular, we provide a rigorous definition of LP…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-09 Byung-Hak Kim , Henry D. Pfister

This paper investigates the problem of variable-length lossy source coding allowing a positive excess distortion probability and an overflow probability of codeword lengths. Novel one-shot achievability and converse bounds of the optimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Shota Saito , Hideki Yagi , Toshiyasu Matsushima

In this paper, we propose an efficient decoding algorithm for short low-density parity check (LDPC) codes by carefully combining the belief propagation (BP) decoding and order statistic decoding (OSD) algorithms. Specifically, a modified BP…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Weiyang Zhang , Chentao Yue , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

Open-ended text generation with autoregressive language models (LMs) is one of the core tasks in natural language processing. However, maximization-based decoding methods (e.g., greedy/beam search) often lead to the degeneration problem,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Tian Lan , Yixuan Su , Shuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

In this paper will be presented methodology of encoding information in valuations of discrete lattice with some translational invariant constrains in asymptotically optimal way. The method is based on finding statistical description of such…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-11-02 Jarek Duda

Neural machine translation (NMT) systems typically employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding to select the highest-scoring translation from the distribution mass. However, recent evidence highlights the inadequacy of MAP decoding, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Di Wu , Yibin Lei , Christof Monz

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for tracing and authenticating text generated by large language models (LLMs). A common approach to LLM watermarking is to construct a green/red token list and assign higher or lower…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

In this paper, we introduce a new way of constructing and decoding multipermutation codes. Multipermutations are permutations of a multiset that may consist of duplicate entries. We first introduce a new class of matrices called…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-29 Xishuo Liu , Stark C. Draper

New soft- and hard decision decoding algorithms are presented for general Reed-Muller codes $\left\{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{r}\right\} $ of length $2^{m}$ and distance $2^{m-r}$. We use Plotkin $(u,u+v)$ construction and decompose code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Ilya Dumer

The maximum likelihood (ML) decoder in the two-dimensional surface code with generic unitary errors is governed by a statistical mechanics model with complex weights, which can be simulated via (1+1)D transfer matrix contraction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Yimu Bao , Sajant Anand

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), enhancing their performance has become a research hotspot. This paper presents a novel multi-prompt ensemble decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jiaxin Guo , Daimeng Wei , Yuanchang Luo , Shimin Tao , Hengchao Shang , Zongyao Li , Shaojun Li , Jinlong Yang , Zhanglin Wu , Zhiqiang Rao , Hao Yang

We study Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes with iterative decoding on block-fading (BF) Relay Channels. We consider two users that employ coded cooperation, a variant of decode-and-forward with a smaller outage probability than the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-05 Dieter Duyck , Joseph J. Boutros , Marc Moeneclaey

In this paper, we propose an enhanced quasi-maximum likelihood (EQML) decoder for LDPC codes with short block lengths. After the failure of the conventional belief propagation (BP) decoding, the proposed EQML decoder selects unreliable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Peng Kang , Yixuan Xie , Lei Yang , Chen Zheng , Jinhong Yuan , Yuejun Wei

The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code length is widely used as a model selection criterion based on the minimum description length principle, where the model with the shortest NML code length is selected. A common method to calculate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Atsushi Suzuki , Kota Fukuzawa , Kenji Yamanishi