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Related papers: Is my attack tree correct? Extended version

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Risk assessment of cyber-physical systems, such as power plants, connected devices and IT-infrastructures has always been challenging: safety (i.e. absence of unintentional failures) and security (i.e. no disruptions due to attackers) are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Étienne André , Didier Lime , Mathias Ramparison , Mariëlle Stoelinga

Attack Trees (AT) are a popular formalism for security analysis. They are meant to display an attacker's goal decomposed into attack steps needed to achieve it and compute certain security metrics (e.g., attack cost, probability, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ítalo Oliveira , Stefano M. Nicoletti , Gal Engelberg , Mattia Fumagalli , Dan Klein , Giancarlo Guizzardi

Tree models are very widely used in practice of machine learning and data mining. In this paper, we study the problem of model integrity authentication in tree models. In general, the task of model integrity authentication is the design \&…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Weijie Zhao , Yingjie Lao , Ping Li

Attack-Defence Trees (ADTs) are well-suited to assess possible attacks to systems and the efficiency of counter-measures. In this paper, we first enrich the available constructs with reactive patterns that cover further security scenarios,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Jaime Arias , Carlos E. Budde , Wojciech Penczek , Laure Petrucci , Mariëlle Stoelinga

Recently security researchers have started to look into automated generation of attack trees from socio-technical system models. The obvious next step in this trend of automated risk analysis is automating the selection of security controls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Olga Gadyatskaya

This paper describes our ongoing work on security verification against inference attacks on data trees. We focus on infinite secrecy against inference attacks, which means that attackers cannot narrow down the candidates for the value of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Ryo Iwase , Yasunori Ishihara , Toru Fujiwara

Attack trees (ATs) are a widely deployed modelling technique to categorize potential attacks on a system. An attacker of such a system aims at doing as much damage as possible, but might be limited by a cost budget. The maximum possible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg , Mariëlle Stoelinga

Critical infrastructure systems - for which high reliability and availability are paramount - must operate securely. Attack trees (ATs) are hierarchical diagrams that offer a flexible modelling language used to assess how systems can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Stefano M. Nicoletti , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg , E. Moritz Hahn , Mariëlle Stoelinga

Self-adaptive systems offer several attack surfaces due to the communication via different channels and the different sensors required to observe the environment. Often, attacks cause safety to be compromised as well, making it necessary to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Thomas Witte , Raffaela Groner , Alexander Raschke , Matthias Tichy , Irdin Pekaric , Michael Felderer

Threat detection systems rely on rule-based logic to identify adversarial behaviors, yet the conformance of these rules to high-level threat models is rarely verified formally. We present a formal verification framework that models both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dumitru-Bogdan Prelipcean , Cătălin Dima

Security is a subject of increasing attention in our actual society in order to protect critical resources from information disclosure, theft or damage. The informal model of attack trees introduced by Schneier, and widespread in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Thomas Brihaye , Sophie Pinchinat , Alexandre Terefenko

With the increasing number of network threats it is essential to have a knowledge of existing and new network threats in order to design better intrusion detection systems. In this paper we propose a taxonomy for classifying network attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Hanan Hindy , Elike Hodo , Ethan Bayne , Amar Seeam , Robert Atkinson , Xavier Bellekens

Recently, the evolution of deep learning has promoted the application of machine learning (ML) to various systems. However, there are ML systems, such as autonomous vehicles, that cause critical damage when they misclassify. Conversely,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yuki Yamaguchi , Toshiaki Aoki

Attack trees (ATs) are popular graphical models for reasoning about the security of complex systems, allowing for the quantification of risk through so-called AT metrics. A large variety of different such AT metrics have been proposed, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Benedikt Peterseim , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg

Effective risk management in cybersecurity requires a thorough understanding of the interplay between attacker capabilities and defense strategies. Attack-Defense Trees (ADTs) are a commonly used methodology for representing this interplay;…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Danut-Valentin Copae , Reza Soltani , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg

We provide the first formal foundation of SAND attack trees which are a popular extension of the well-known attack trees. The SAND attack tree formalism increases the expressivity of attack trees by introducing the sequential conjunctive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Ravi Jhawar , Barbara Kordy , Sjouke Mauw , Sasa Radomirovic , Rolando Trujillo-Rasua

Behavior Trees (BT) are becoming increasingly popular in the robotics community. The BT tool is well suited for decision-making applications allowing a robot to perform complex behavior while being explainable to humans as well. Verifying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Matteo Tadiello , Elena Troubitsyna

Behavior Trees are a task switching policy representation that can grant reactiveness and fault tolerance. Moreover, because of their structure and modularity, a variety of methods can be used to generate them automatically. In this short…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Matteo Iovino , Christian Smith

According to the World Economic Forum, cyber attacks are considered as one of the most important sources of risk to companies and institutions worldwide. Attacks can target the network, software, and/or hardware. During the past years, much…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Tara Ghasempouri , Jaan Raik , Cezar Reinbrecht , Said Hamdioui , Mottaqiallah Taouil

The success of a security attack crucially depends on time: the more time available to the attacker, the higher the probability of a successful attack. Formalisms such as Reliability block diagrams, Reliability graphs and Attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-02 Rajesh Kumar , Dennis Guck , Marielle Stoelinga