Related papers: The Product $e \pi$ Is Irrational

The first estimate of the upper bound $\mu(\pi)\leq42$ of the irrationality measure of the number $\pi$ was computed by Mahler in 1953, and more recently it was reduced to $\mu(\pi)\leq7.6063$ by Salikhov in 2008. Here, it is shown that…

In this paper we review recently established results on the asymptotic behaviour of the trigonometric product $P_n(\alpha) = \prod_{r=1}^n |2\sin \pi r \alpha|$ as $n\to \infty$. We focus on irrationals $\alpha$ whose continued fraction…

We prove that a real number a greater than or equal to 2 is the irrationality exponent of some computable real number if and only if a is the upper limit of a computable sequence of rational numbers. Thus, there are computable real numbers…

In a recent Note (Am. J. Phys. 92:397, 2024; arXiv:2309.10826), Vallejo and Bove provide a physical argument based nominally on the second law of thermodynamics as a way of resolving the mathematical question appearing in the title. A…

We find sufficient conditions under which the product of spaces that have a $\pi$-tree also has a $\pi$-tree. These conditions give new examples of spaces with a $\pi$-tree: every at most countable power of the Sorgenfrey line and every at…

As rewards of reading two great papers of Hermite from 1873, we trace the historical origin of the integral Niven used in his well-known proof of the irrationality of $\pi$, uncover a rarely acknowledged simple proof by Hermite of the…

For different values of $\gamma \geq 0$, analysis of the end behavior of the sequence $a_n = \cos (n)^{n^\gamma}$ yields a strong connection to the irrationality measure of $\pi$. We show that if $\limsup |\cos n|^{n^2} \neq 1$, then the…

We give a simple geometric proof that $e$ is irrational, using a construction of a nested sequence of closed intervals with intersection $e$. The proof leads to a new measure of irrationality for $e$: if $p$ and $q$ are integers with $q >…

We write out relations between the base of natural logarithms ($e$), the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter ($\pi$), the golden ratios ($\Phi_p$) of the additive $p$-sequences, and the ratio of the diagonal of a square…

In the literature, we have various ways of proving irrationality of a real number. In this survey article, we shall emphasize on a particular criterion to prove irrationality. This is called nice approximation of a number by a sequence of…

The question of the title is a famous puzzle in the field of recreational mathematics, and can be addressed by several approaches. A compilation of solutions, some of them very ingenious, can be found in [1]. In this contribution we present…

We illustrate the power of Experimental Mathematics and Symbolic Computation to suggest irrationality proofs of natural constants, and the determination of their irrationality measures. Sometimes such proofs can be fully automated, but…

The decimal digits of $\pi$ are widely believed to behave like as statistically independent random variables taking the values $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, $6, 7, 8, 9$ with equal probabilities $1/10$. In this article, first, another similar…

We study rational step function skew products over certain rotations of the circle proving ergodicity and bounded rational ergodicity when rotation number is a quadratic irrational. The latter arises from a consideration of the asymptotic…

Let $b \ge 2$ be an integer and $\xi$ an irrational real number. We prove that, if the irrationality exponent of $\xi$ is equal to $2$ or slightly greater than $2$, then the $b$-ary expansion of $\xi$ cannot be `too simple', in a suitable…

In this paper, we define the deformed Euler $(s,t)$-numbers ${\rm e}_{s,t,u}$ Furthermore, we prove that ${\rm e}_{as,a^2t,u^{-1}}$ and ${\rm e}_{as,a^2t,u^{-1}}^{-1}$ are irrational numbers when $a,u\in\mathbb{Q}$ and $\vert au\vert>1$,…

In this paper possible completion $^*R_{d}$ of the Robinson non-archimedean field $^*R$ constructed by Dedekind sections. Given an class of analytic functions of one complex variable $f \in C[z]$,we investigate the arithmetic nature of the…

The regularized product of the Fibonacci numbers is evaluated.

In math.NT/0307308 we defined the irrationality base of an irrational number and, assuming a stronger hypothesis than the irrationality of Euler's constant, gave a conditional upper bound on its irrationality base. Here we develop the…

Approximate relations between $e$ and $\pi$ are reviewed, some new connections being established. Nilakantha's series expansion for $\pi$ is transformed to accelerate its convergence. Its comparison with the standard inverse-factorial…