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In this paper, we consider the problem of output range analysis for feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activation functions. The existing approaches reduce the output range analysis problem to satisfiability and optimization solving,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Pavithra Prabhakar , Zahra Rahimi Afzal

Appropriate weight initialization settings, along with the ReLU activation function, have become cornerstones of modern deep learning, enabling the training and deployment of highly effective and efficient neural network models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hyunwoo Lee , Yunho Kim , Seung Yeop Yang , Hayoung Choi

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

We present a method for computing exact reachable sets for deep neural networks with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation. Our method is well-suited for use in rigorous safety analysis of robotic perception and control systems with deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Joseph A. Vincent , Mac Schwager

Neural networks have demonstrated a wide range of successes, but their ``black box" nature raises concerns about transparency and reliability. Previous research on ReLU networks has sought to unwrap these networks into linear models based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Seongwoo Lim , Won Jo , Joohyung Lee , Jaesik Choi

We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant

This paper investigates the ability of finite samples to identify two-layer irreducible shallow networks with various nonlinear activation functions, including rectified linear units (ReLU) and analytic functions such as the logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yu Xia , Zhiqiang Xu

We study the problem of approximating compactly-supported integrable functions while implementing their support set using feedforward neural networks. Our first main result transcribes this "structured" approximation problem into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely employed to model complex dynamical systems due to their hidden-state structure, which inherently captures temporal dependencies. This work presents a hybrid zonotope-based approach for computing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Yuhao Zhang , Xiangru Xu

We demonstrate that deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can efficiently approximate the solutions of various types of parametric linear transport equations. For non-smooth initial conditions, the solutions of these PDEs…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-31 Fabian Laakmann , Philipp Petersen

It is well-known that the parameterized family of functions representable by fully-connected feedforward neural networks with ReLU activation function is precisely the class of piecewise linear functions with finitely many pieces. It is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-21 J. Elisenda Grigsby , Kathryn Lindsey , Robert Meyerhoff , Chenxi Wu

Reachability analysis is a fundamental program analysis with a wide variety of applications. We present FlowCFL, a framework for type-based reachability analysis in the presence of mutable data. Interestingly, the underlying semantics of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Ana Milanova

Although neural networks (NNs) with ReLU activation functions have found success in a wide range of applications, their adoption in risk-sensitive settings has been limited by the concerns on robustness and interpretability. Previous works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Aijun Zhang , Agus Sudjianto

Automatic exploit generation is a relatively new area of research. Work in this area aims to automate the manual and labor intensive task of finding exploits in software. In this paper we present a novel program logic to support automatic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Nico Naus , Freek Verbeek , Marc Schoolderman , Binoy Ravindran

A wide variety of activation functions have been proposed for neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is especially popular today. There are many practical reasons that motivate the use of the ReLU. This paper provides new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-19 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

This paper provides a theoretical framework on the solution of feedforward ReLU networks for interpolations, in terms of what is called an interpolation matrix, which is the summary, extension and generalization of our three preceding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Changcun Huang

Replication of experimental results has been a challenge faced by many scientific disciplines, including the field of machine learning. Recent work on the theory of machine learning has formalized replicability as the demand that an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Eric Eaton , Marcel Hussing , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Sikata Bela Sengupta , Jessica Sorrell

Forward reachability analysis is a dominant approach for verifying reach-avoid specifications in neural feedback systems, i.e., dynamical systems controlled by neural networks, and a number of directions have been proposed and studied. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Samuel I. Akinwande , Sydney M. Katz , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Clark Barrett

While it is well-known that neural networks enjoy excellent approximation capabilities, it remains a big challenge to compute such approximations from point samples. Based on tools from Information-based complexity, recent work by Grohs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Philipp Grohs

We present an approach to approximate reachable sets for linear systems with bounded L-infinity controls in finite time. Our first approach investigates the boundaries of these sets and reveals an exact characterization for single-input,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Steven Nguyen , Jorge Cortés , Boris Kramer