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Constraint-based causal discovery algorithms utilize many statistical tests for conditional independence to uncover networks of causal dependencies. These approaches to causal discovery rely on an assumed correspondence between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Bijan Mazaheri , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

Starting from elementary considerations about independence and Markov processes in classical probability we arrive at the new concept of conditional monotone independence (or operator-valued monotone independence). With the help of product…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Skeide

Conditional independence testing is an important problem, especially in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Due to the curse of dimensionality, testing for conditional independence of continuous variables is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Zhang , Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Developing feature selection algorithms that move beyond a pure correlational to a more causal analysis of observational data is an important problem in the sciences. Several algorithms attempt to do so by discovering the Markov blanket of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-06 Eric V. Strobl , Shyam Visweswaran

Recently, Forr\'e (arXiv:2104.11547, 2021) introduced transitional conditional independence, a notion of conditional independence that provides a unified framework for both random and non-stochastic variables. The original paper establishes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Leihao Chen

Conditional independence testing is a fundamental problem underlying causal discovery and a particularly challenging task in the presence of nonlinear and high-dimensional dependencies. Here a fully non-parametric test for continuous data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Jakob Runge

This paper studies the connection between probabilistic conditional independence in uncertain reasoning and data dependency in relational databases. As a demonstration of the usefulness of this preliminary investigation, an alternate proof…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Michael S. K. M. Wong , Z. W. Wang

Let $X$ be a max-stable random vector with positive continuous density. It is proved that the conditional independence of any collection of disjoint sub-vectors of $X$ given the remaining components implies their joint independence. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-18 Ioannis Papastathopoulos , Kirstin Strokorb

In this paper we investigate the notion of conditional independence and prove several information inequalities for conditionally independent random variables.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Konstantin Makarychev , Yury Makarychev

We extend the theory of d-separation to cases in which data instances are not independent and identically distributed. We show that applying the rules of d-separation directly to the structure of probabilistic models of relational data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Marc Maier , Katerina Marazopoulou , David Jensen

In this paper, the maximal nonlinear conditional correlation of two random vectors $X$ and $Y$ given another random vector $Z$, denoted by $\rho_1(X,Y|Z)$, is defined as a measure of conditional association, which satisfies certain…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-20 Tzee-Ming Huang

Spherical and hyperspherical data are commonly encountered in diverse applied research domains, underscoring the vital task of assessing independence within such data structures. In this context, we investigate the properties of test…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-23 Marija Cuparić , Bruno Ebner , Bojana Milošević

Conditional independence is a crucial concept supporting adequate modelling and efficient reasoning in probabilistics. In knowledge representation, the idea of conditional independence has also been introduced for specific formalisms, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Jesse Heyninck

Inferring the causal structure that links n observables is usually based upon detecting statistical dependences and choosing simple graphs that make the joint measure Markovian. Here we argue why causal inference is also possible when only…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-04-24 Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

The rules of d-separation provide a framework for deriving conditional independence facts from model structure. However, this theory only applies to simple directed graphical models. We introduce relational d-separation, a theory for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Marc Maier , David Jensen

In this article we provide a substantial discussion on the statistical concept of conditional independence, which is not routinely mentioned in most elementary statistics and mathematical statistics textbooks. Under the assumption of…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-03-10 Jun Hu , Xianggui Qu

Investigation of the reversibility of the directional hierarchy in the interdependency among the notions of conditional independence, conditional mean independence, and zero conditional covariance, for two random variables X and Y given a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-24 Rajeshwari Majumdar

In this paper, the notion of conditionally bi-free independence for pairs of algebras is introduced. The notion of conditional $(\ell, r)$-cumulants are introduced and it is demonstrated that conditionally bi-free independence is equivalent…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-02-08 Yinzheng Gu , Paul Skoufranis

The analysis of high-dimensional time series data has become increasingly important across a wide range of fields. Recently, a method for constructing the minimum information Markov kernel on finite state spaces was established. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-13 Issey Sukeda , Tomonari Sei

The algorithmic independence of conditionals, which postulates that the causal mechanism is algorithmically independent of the cause, has recently inspired many highly successful approaches to distinguish cause from effect given only…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Alexander Marx , Jilles Vreeken