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Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Orders 841 and 2222 have recommended that distributed energy resources (DERs) should participate in energy and reserve markets; therefore, a mechanism needs to be developed to facilitate DERs'…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Mukesh Gautam , Rakib Hossain , Mohammad MansourLakouraj , Narayan Bhusal , Mohammed Benidris , Hanif Livani

Increased penetration of inverter-connected renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system has resulted in a decrease in available rotational inertia which serves as an immediate response to frequency deviation due to disturbances. The…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

Declines in cost and concerns about the environmental impact of traditional generation have boosted the penetration of renewables and non-conventional distributed energy resources into the power grid. The intermittent availability of these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Priyank Srivastava , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Jorge Cortes

Electricity distribution networks (DNs) in many regions are increasingly subjected to disruptions caused by tropical storms. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) can act as temporary supply sources to sustain "microgrids" resulting from…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Derek Chang , Devendra Shelar , Saurabh Amin

As renewable energy penetration increases and system inertia levels drop, primary frequency control is becoming a critical concern in relatively small interconnections such as the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). To address…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-17 Manuel Garcia , Ross Baldick

Contemporary theories and models for electric power system stability are predicated on a widely held assumption that the mechanical inertia of the rotating mass of synchronous generators provides the sole contribution to stable and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-31 Amirhossein Sajadi , Bri-Mathias Hodge

With increasing levels of distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to the grid, it is important to understand the role that DERs can play in post-disaster restoration. In this paper, we propose a two-step optimization method to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Noah Rhodes , Line Roald

In this paper, we develop a data-driven voltage regulation framework for distributed energy resources (DERs) in a balanced radial power distribution system. The objective is to determine optimal DER power injections that minimize the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Hanchen Xu , Alejandro D. Domínguez-García , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Peter W. Sauer

Introduction of renewable generation leads to significant reduction of inertia in power system, which deteriorates the quality of frequency control. This paper suggests a new control scheme utilizing controllable load to deal with low…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Oleg O. Khamisov , Janusz W. Bialek , Anatoly Dymarsky

This paper designs an Operator Learning framework to approximate the dynamic response of synchronous generators. One can use such a framework to (i) design a neural-based generator model that can interact with a numerical simulator of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Christian Moya , Guang Lin , Tianqiao Zhao , Meng Yue

This paper studies secondary frequency control in transmission networks subject to communication delays at the cyber-physical interface and limited per-update computation at the control center. The regulation objective is formulated as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Yiwei Liu , Luwei Yang , Shunbo Lei

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of the energy transition, technological advances, and the scientific interest in distributed control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Erieke Weitenberg , Yan Jiang , Changhong Zhao , Enrique Mallada , Claudio De Persis , Florian Dörfler

Modeled after the hierarchical control architecture of power transmission systems, a layering of primary, secondary, and tertiary control has become the standard operation paradigm for islanded microgrids. Despite this superficial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Florian Dörfler , John Simpson-Porco , Francesco Bullo

We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Stefanos Baros , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Francis O'Sullivan

Aggregating distributed energy resources (DERs) is of great significance to improve the overall operational efficiency of smart grid. The aggregation model needs to consider various factors such as network constraints, operational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-09 Yiran Wang , Haiwang Zhong , Guangchun Ruan

The high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) reduces system inertia, leading to frequency stability concerns, especially during synchronous generator (SG) outages. To maintain frequency dynamics within secure limits while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Fan Jiang , Xingpeng Li

This paper presents a sensitivity-based approach for the placement of distributed energy resources (DERs) in power systems. The approach is based on the fact that most planning studies utilize some form of optimization, and solutions to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Mukesh Gautam , Narayan Bhusal , Mohammed Benidris , Chanan Singh , Joydeep Mitra

Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systems is increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-low variable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a large system,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

Modern power grids are fast evolving with the increasing volatile renewable generation, distributed energy resources (DERs) and time-varying operating conditions. The DERs include rooftop photovoltaic (PV), small wind turbines, energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Xun Gong , Xiaozhe Wang , Bo Cao

In this paper, we study a constrained network flow problem and associated networked dynamics that resemble but are distinct from the well-known primal-dual dynamics of the constrained flow problem. Crucially, under a change of coordinates,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Amirhossein Iraniparast , Dominic Groß