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The quantum assembly language (QASM) is a popular intermediate representation used in many quantum compilation and simulation tools to describe quantum circuits. Currently, multiple different dialects of QASM are used in different quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-25 N. Khammassi , G. G. Guerreschi , I. Ashraf , J. W. Hogaboam , C. G. Almudever , K. Bertels

In this paper, we introduce a novel semantic description approach inspired on Prototype Theory foundations. We propose a Computational Prototype Model (CPM) that encodes and stores the central semantic meaning of objects category: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Omar Vidal Pino , Erickson Rangel Nascimento , Mario Fernando Montenegro Campos

We present a representation for linguistic structure that we call a Fock-space representation, which allows us to embed problems in language processing into small quantum devices. We further develop a formalism for understanding both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-15 Nathan Wiebe , Alex Bocharov , Paul Smolensky , Matthias Troyer , Krysta M Svore

Continuing the scaling of quantum computers hinges on building classical control hardware pipelines that are scalable, extensible, and provide real time response. The instruction set architecture (ISA) of the control processor provides…

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is a powerful tool to characterize quantum operations, but it requires considerable resources making it impractical for more than 2-qubit systems. This work proposes an alternative approach that requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vicente Leyton-Ortega , Tyler Kharazi , Raphael C. Pooser

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

Creating quantum algorithms is a difficult task, especially for computer scientist not used to quantum computing. But quantum algorithms often use similar elements. Thus, these elements provide proven solutions to recurring problems, i.e. a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-10 Frank Leymann

Languages, compilers, and computer-aided design tools will be essential for scalable quantum computing, which promises an exponential leap in our ability to execute complex tasks. LIQUi|> is a modular software architecture designed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-20 Dave Wecker , Krysta M. Svore

One of the key considerations in the development of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) protocols is the encoding of classical data onto a quantum device. In this chapter we introduce the Matrix Product State representation of quantum systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Chris Nakhl , Maxwell West , Muhammad Usman

This article defines and proves basic properties of the standard quantum circuit model of computation. The model is developed abstractly in close analogy with (classical) deterministic and probabilistic circuits, without recourse to any…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Stephen A. Fenner

A quantum processor is a device with a data register and a program register. The input to the program register determines the operation, which is a completely positive linear map, that will be performed on the state in the data register. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mark Hillery , Mario Ziman , Vladimir Buzek

State preparation compilers for quantum computers typically sit at two extremes: general-purpose routines that treat the target as an opaque amplitude vector, and bespoke constructions for a handful of well-known state families. We ask…

Quantum computing is a growing field where the information is processed by two-levels quantum states known as qubits. Current physical realizations of qubits require a careful calibration, composed by different experiments, due to noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-15 Edoardo Pedicillo , Andrea Pasquale , Stefano Carrazza

A quantum circuit is a computational unit that transforms an input quantum state to an output one. A natural way to reason about its behavior is to compute explicitly the unitary matrix implemented by it. However, when the number of qubits…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Wenjun Shi , Qinxiang Cao , Yuxin Deng , Hanru Jiang , Yuan Feng

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a computational paradigm that seeks to apply quantum-mechanical resources to solve learning problems. As such, the goal of this framework is to leverage quantum processors to tackle optimization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Su Yeon Chang , M. Cerezo

Topological quantum computing is a way of allowing precise quantum computations to run on noisy and imperfect hardware. One implementation uses surface codes created by forming defects in a highly-entangled cluster state. Such a method of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-14 Dominic Horsman

Quantum based systems are a relatively new research area for that different modelling languages including process calculi are currently under development. Encodings are often used to compare process calculi. Quality criteria are used then…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Anna Schmitt , Kirstin Peters , Yuxin Deng

Quantum computing is a growing field with significant potential applications. Learning how to code quantum programs means understanding how qubits work and learning to use quantum gates. This is analogous to creating classical algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Tamás Varga , Yaiza Aragonés-Soria , Manuel Oriol

This paper gives an introduction to and overview of the functional quantum programming language QML. The syntax of this language is defined and explained, along with a new QML definition of the quantum teleport algorithm. The categorical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-21 Jonathan Grattage

The operations to be performed by a quantum computer are almost invariably given in the form of a quantum circuit. In the final stage of compilation, a quantum circuit must be translated into the input signals accepted by the quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Robin Adams , Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Lorenzo Perticone , Jeremy Pope