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Local observables in generic periodically driven closed quantum systems are known to relax to values described by periodic infinite temperature ensembles. At the same time, ergodic static systems exhibit anomalous thermalization of local…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-15 Sthitadhi Roy , Yevgeny Bar Lev , David J. Luitz

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization properties of the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ model in two-dimensional rectangular lattices of size $L_1\times L_2$ under periodic boundary conditions. Exploiting the symmetry property, we can perform an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-01 Jae Dong Noh

Ergodic isolated quantum many-body systems satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), i.e., the expectation values of local observables in the system's eigenstates approach the predictions of the microcanonical ensemble.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-25 Adith Sai Aramthottil , Ali Emami Kopaei , Piotr Sierant , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

The ETH ansatz for matrix elements of a given operator in the energy eigenstate basis results in a notion of thermalization for a chaotic system. In this context for a certain quantity - to be found for a given model - one may impose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 Mohsen Alishahiha

We present a detailed analysis of the connection between chaos and the onset of thermalization in the spin-boson Dicke model. This system has a well-defined classical limit with two degrees of freedom, and it presents both regular and…

We use field-theoretic methods to explore the statistics of eigenfunctions of the Floquet operator for a large family of Floquet random quantum circuits. The correlation function of the quasienergy eigenstates is calculated and shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Yunxiang Liao , Victor Galitski

The postulates of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) express that thermalization occurs due to the individual eigenstate of the system's Hamiltonian. But the ETH put no light on the dynamics that lead toward thermalization. In…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-11-02 Javed Akram , Asad Hussain , Muhammad Nouman , Jameel Hussain

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), even isolated quantum systems can thermalize because the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of typical observables vanish in the limit of large systems. Of course, isolated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-08 W. Beugeling , R. Moessner , Masudul Haque

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in quantum many-body systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in the full ETH, which extends the framework of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-12 Merlin Füllgraf , Jochen Gemmer , Jiaozi Wang

We say of an isolated macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $\psi$ that it is in macroscopic thermal equilibrium (MATE) if $\psi$ lies in or close to a suitable subspace $\mathcal{H}_{eq}$ of Hilbert space. It is known that every…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Barbara Roos , Shoki Sugimoto , Stefan Teufel , Roderich Tumulka , Cornelia Vogel

For the typical quantum many-body systems that obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we argue that the entanglement entropy of (almost) all energy eigenstates is described by a single crossover function. The ETH implies that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-26 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is a framework for discussing thermal behavior originating from chaotic dynamics in isolated many-body quantum systems. The PXP model, where certain states do not thermalize, has been compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Maanav Srihari , Anil Shaji

We show that macroscopic thermalization and transport impose constraints on matrix elements entering the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) ansatz and require them to be correlated. It is often assumed that the ETH reduces to Random…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-01 Anatoly Dymarsky

In this paper, we investigate the distinctions between realistic quantum chaotic systems and random models from the perspective of observable properties, particularly focusing on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Through…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-11 Xiao Wang , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

We propose a generalization of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis accounting for the emergence of symmetry-breaking phases. It consists of two conditions that any system with a degenerate spectrum must fulfill in order to thermalize.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sebastián Gómez , Ángel L. Corps , Armando Relaño

Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis furnishes a possible explanation for the emergence of statistical mechanics in the framework of classical physics. In quantum mechanics, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is instead generally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-08 Lorenzo Campos Venuti , Lawrence Liu

We consider the set of all initial states within a microcanonical energy shell of an isolated many-body quantum system, which exhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed non-equilibrium expectation value for some given observable $A$. On…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-04 Peter Reimann

We initiate a systematic study of high energy matrix elements of local operators in 2d CFT. Knowledge of these is required in order to determine whether the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) can hold in such theories. Most high…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-30 Mert Besken , Shouvik Datta , Per Kraus

We use the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis to derive a quantum master equation for a system weakly coupled to a chaotic finite-sized bath prepared in a pure state. We show that the emergence of Markovianity is controlled by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Peter O'Donovan , Philipp Strasberg , Kavan Modi , John Goold , Mark T. Mitchison

Thermalization of a closed chaotic quantum system is commonly addressed in terms of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). An alternative approach uses the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit (BGS) conjecture. The comparison shows that the two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Hans A. Weidenmüller