Related papers: Analyzing Benardete's comment on decimal notation
Consider a non-standard numeration system like the one built over the Fibonacci sequence where nonnegative integers are represented by words over $\{0,1\}$ without two consecutive 1. Given a set $X$ of integers such that the language of…
In this paper, we consider an approach introduced in term rewriting for the automatic detection of non-looping non-termination from patterns of rules. We adapt it to logic programming by defining a new unfolding technique that produces…
We take quantum theory and replace $\mathbb{C}$ by $\mathbb{C}[\varepsilon]$ where $\varepsilon^2=0$, i.e. we extend quantum theory to the ring of dual complex numbers. The aim is to develop a common language in which to treat continuous…
There has been always an ambiguity in division when zero is present in the denominator. So far this ambiguity has been neglected by assuming that division by zero as a non-allowed operation. In this paper, I have derived the new set of…
This work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of boundary value problems defined on semi-infinite intervals. These kinds of problems seldom admit exactly known solutions and, therefore, the theoretical information on their…
This paper looks at how ancient mathematicians (and especially the Pythagorean school) were faced by problems/paradoxes associated with the infinite which led them to juggle two systems of numbers: the discrete whole/rationals which were…
We introduce a coinductive definition of infinitary term rewriting. The setup is surprisingly simple, and has in contrast to the usual definitions of infinitary rewriting, neither need for ordinals nor for metric convergence. While the idea…
A century ago, discoveries of a serious kind of logical error made separately by several leading mathematicians led to acceptance of a sharply enhanced standard for rigor within what ultimately became the foundation for Computer Science. By…
A new elementary proof of the prime number theorem presented recently in the framework of a scale invariant extension of the ordinary analysis is re-examined and clarified further. Both the formalism and proof are presented in a much more…
There are numerous ways to represent real numbers. We may use, e.g., Cauchy sequences, Dedekind cuts, numerical base-10 expansions, numerical base-2 expansions and continued fractions. If we work with full Turing computability, all these…
This paper presents a theory of systemic undecidability, reframing incomputability as a structural property of systems rather than a localized feature of specific functions or problems. We define a notion of causal embedding and prove a…
The article introduces the concept of uniformity, which is formulated as a scheme of axioms. The connection of this concept with ordered sets is studied. The effectiveness of using axiom schemes as a convenient and short way of replacing…
Formal logic has often been seen as uniquely placed to analyze mathematical argumentation. While formal logic is certainly necessary for a complete understanding of mathematical practice, it is not sufficient. Important aspects of…
We explore Leibniz's understanding of the differential calculus, and argue that his methods were more coherent than is generally recognized. The foundations of the historical infinitesimal calculus of Newton and Leibniz have been a target…
Students of quantum mechanics encounter discrete quantum numbers in a somewhat incoherent and bewildering number of ways. For each physical system studied, quantum numbers seem to be introduced in its own specific way, some enumerating from…
We examine the classical/intuitionist divide, and how it reflects on modern theories of infinitesimals. When leading intuitionist Heyting announced that "the creation of non-standard analysis is a standard model of important mathematical…
This is a detailed and self-contained introduction to the real number system from a categorical perspective. We begin with the categorical definition of the natural numbers, review the Eudoxus theory of ratios as presented in Book V of…
Language models struggle with handling numerical data and performing arithmetic operations. We hypothesize that this limitation can be partially attributed to non-intuitive textual numbers representation. When a digit is read or generated…
In this article, some classical paradoxes of infinity such as Galileo's paradox, Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel, Thomson's lamp paradox, and the rectangle paradox of Torricelli are considered. In addition, three paradoxes regarding…
For any particularly interesting theorem one proof is never enough. Instead, the first proof sets the challenge to find a more elegant method that illuminates subtle features of the math, is simpler to understand, or even avoids using…