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High-energy radiation of young pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is known to be variable. This is most prominently exemplified by the Crab nebula which can undergo both rapid brightenings and dimmings. Two pulsars in the Large Magellanic Cloud,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-27 B. A. Nizamov , M. S. Pshirkov

We present a complete set of diagnostic tools aimed at reproducing synthetic non-thermal (synchrotron and/or Inverse Compton, IC) emissivity, integrated flux energy, polarization and spectral index simulated maps in comparison to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Delia Volpi , Luca Del Zanna , Elena Amato , Niccolo Bucciantini

We perform and analyze global Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations of the interaction between solar wind and an outgassing comet with the goal of studying the plasma kinetic dynamics of a cometary environment. To achieve this, we design and…

Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) show a variety of morphological shapes. We attribute this diversity to the geometrical factors: relative orientations of the pulsar rotation axis, proper velocity, and the line of sight (magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 Maxim V. Barkov , Maxim Lyutikov , Dmitry Khangulyan

Pulsar Wind nebulae (PWNe), are among the most efficient particle accelerators in the Universe, however understanding the physical conditions and the magnetic geometry in their inner region has always proved elusive. X-ray polarization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-02 N. Bucciantini , J. Wong , R. W. Romani , F. Xie , C. -Y. Ng , S. Silvestri , N. Di Lalla , Y. -J. Yang , S. Zhang , P. Slane , W. -T. Ye , M. Pilia , N. Omodei , M. Negro

We report on a Chandra observation of the Crab Nebula that gives the first clear view of the faint boundary of the Crab's X-ray-emitting Pulsar Wind Nebula, or PWN. There is structure in all directions. Fingers, loops, bays, and the South…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 F. D. Seward , W. H. Tucker , R. A. Fesen

In the last few years, new observations by CHANDRA and XMM have shown that Pulsar Wind Nebulae present a complex but similar inner feature, with the presence of axisymmetric rings and jets, which is generally referred as {\it jet-torus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 N. Bucciantini

A pulsar wind nebula inside a supernova remnant provides a unique insight into the properties of the central neutron star, the relativistic wind powered by its loss of rotational energy, its progenitor supernova, and the surrounding…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-09-24 Joseph D. Gelfand , Patrick O. Slane , Weiqun Zhang

The number of plausible associations of extended VHE (TeV) sources with pulsars has been steadily growing, suggesting that many of these sources are pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Here we overview the recent progress in X-ray and TeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-07-09 Oleg Kargaltsev , George G. Pavlov , Martin Durant

The excellent sensitivity and high resolution capability of wide FoV ground-based imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes allow us for the first time to resolve the morphological structures of pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) which are older and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. C. de Jager , C. Venter

It has been suggested that some classes of luminous supernovae (SNe) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are driven by newborn magnetars. Fast-rotating proto-neutron stars have also been of interest as potential sources of gravitational waves…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Kohta Murase , Kazumi Kashiyama , Kenta Kiuchi , Imre Bartos

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) constitute the largest population of Galactic very-high-energy (VHE; $E > 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray sources and are key laboratories for studying particle acceleration and pulsar--supernova remnant (SNR)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 A. De Sarkar , D. F. Torres , B. Olmi , N. Bucciantini , D. M. -A. Meyer

High-energy particle transport in pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) plays an essential role in explaining the characteristics revealed in multiwavelength observations. In this paper, the TeV-gamma-ray-emitting electrons in the Vela X PWN are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-04 Yiwei Bao , Siming Liu , Yang Chen

We present a self-consistent Particle-in-Cell simulation of the resonant interactions between anisotropic energetic electrons and a population of whistler waves, with parameters relevant to the Earths radiation belt. By tracking PIC…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Enrico Camporeale , Gaetano Zimbardo

An increasing number of early-type (O and Wolf-Rayet) colliding wind binaries (CWBs) is known to accelerate particles up to relativistic energies. In this context, non-thermal emission processes such as inverse Compton (IC) scattering are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-10 M. De Becker , G. Rauw , J. M. Pittard , R. Blomme , G. E. Romero , H. Sana , I. R. Stevens

Context. Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are a source of very high energy radiation that can reach up to tera-electron volts and even peta-electron volts. Our work uses the pulsar tree, a graph theory tool recently presented to analyze the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-27 Wei Zhang , Diego F. Torres , C. R. García , J. Li , Enrique Mestre

We discuss the current X-ray view of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar, summarising our analysis of observations of the source with the EPIC-pn camera on board the XMM-Newton observatory. Different modes of EPIC-pn were combined in order to yield…

The recent discovery of PeV electrons from the Crab nebula, produced on rapid time scales of one day or less with a sharply peaked gamma-ray spectrum without hard X-rays, challenges traditional models of diffusive shock acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Peter Sturrock , Markus J. Aschwanden

Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Blazars, Gamma Ray Bursts and Magnetars all contain regions where the electromagnetic energy density greatly exceeds the plasma energy density. These sources exhibit dramatic flaring activity where the electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-28 Roger Blandford , Yajie Yuan , Masahiro Hoshino , Lorenzo Sironi

The hard X-ray synchrotron emission from pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) probes energetic particles, closely related to the pulsar injection power at the present time. INTEGRAL has disclosed the yet poorly known population of hard X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 Fabio Mattana , Diego Götz , Régis Terrier , Matthieu Renaud , Maurizio Falanga