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The maximum-cut problem is one of the fundamental problems in combinatorial optimization. With the advent of quantum computers, both the maximum-cut and the equivalent quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem have experienced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-07 Daniel Rehfeldt , Thorsten Koch , Yuji Shinano

Solving combinatorial optimization problems of the kind that can be codified by quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a promising application of quantum computation. Some problems of this class suitable for practical…

Obtaining Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation models for various optimisation problems, in order to solve those on physical quantum computers (such as the the DWave annealers) is nowadays a lengthy and tedious process that requires…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Armin Wolf , Cristian Grozea

We present a method to formulate the unit commitment problem in energy production as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which can be solved by classical algorithms and quantum computers. We suggest a first approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 M. C. Braun , T. Decker , N. Hegemann , S. F. Kerstan , F. Lorenz

The Operational Fixed Interval Scheduling Problem aims to find an assignment of jobs to machines that maximizes the total weight of the completed jobs. We introduce a new variant of the problem where we consider the additional goal of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ludmila Botelho , Özlem Salehi

Quantum devices can be used to solve constrained combinatorial optimization (COPT) problems thanks to the use of penalization methods to embed the COPT problem's constraints in its objective to obtain a quadratic unconstrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-26 Rodolfo Quintero , David Bernal , Tamás Terlaky , Luis F. Zuluaga

Quantum annealing is a promising approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, its performance is often limited by the overhead of additional qubits required for embedding logical QUBO models onto quantum annealers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Kohei Suda , Soshun Naito , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

This paper develops an algorithmic solution using Ising machines to solve large-scale higher-order binary optimization (HOBO) problems with inequality constraints for resource optimization in wireless communications systems. Quadratic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Gan Zheng , Ioannis Krikidis

In this paper we study the viability of solving the Chinese Postman Problem, a graph routing optimization problem, and many of its variants on a quantum annealing device. Routing problem variants considered include graph type, directionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Joel E. Pion , Christian F. A. Negre , Susan M. Mniszewski

We propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation of rectified linear unit (ReLU) type functions. Different from the q-loss function proposed by Denchev et al. (2012), a simple discussion based on the Legendre…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-08 Go Sato , Makiko Konoshima , Takuya Ohwa , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) remains a fundamental challenge in robotics, where classical centralized approaches exhibit exponential growth in joint-state complexity as the number of agents increases. This paper investigates Quadratic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Javier González Villasmil

A challenge for scalability of demand-responsive, elastic optical Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Flexgrid networks is the computational complexity of allocating many optical routes on large networks. We demonstrate that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ethan Davies , Darren Banfield , Vlad Carare , Ben Weaver , Catherine White , Nigel Walker

Recent advances in the development of commercial quantum annealers such as the D-Wave 2X allow solving NP-hard optimization problems that can be expressed as quadratic unconstrained binary programs. However, the relatively small number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

We introduce a qubit- and gate-efficient higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) encoding for graph partitioning problems requiring label-count minimization. This widely applicable class of problems includes minimum graph…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) sits at the heart of many industries and academic fields such as logistics, supply chain, finance, pharmaceutical science, chemistry, IT, and energy sectors, among others. These problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Chia-Tso Lai , Carsten Blank , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

In the field of quantum computing, combinatorial optimization problems are typically addressed using QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) solvers. However, these solvers are often insufficient for tackling higher-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Yuichiro Minato

In this paper, we introduce three QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) relaxations for the sparsest $k$-subgraph (SkS) problem: a quadratic penalty relaxation, a Lagrangian relaxation, and an augmented Lagrangian relaxation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Omkar Bihani , Roman Kužel , Janez Povh , Dunja Pucher

We use exact enumeration to characterize the solutions of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems of less than 21 variables in terms of their distributions of Hamming distances to close-by solutions. We also perform experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Vrinda Mehta , Fengping Jin , Kristel Michielsen , Hans De Raedt

We show that the NP-hard quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem on a graph $G$ can be solved using an adiabatic quantum computer that implements an Ising spin-1/2 Hamiltonian, by reduction through minor-embedding of $G$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-16 Vicky Choi

We present PyQUBO, an open-source, Python library for constructing quadratic unconstrained binary optimizations (QUBOs) from the objective functions and the constraints of optimization problems. PyQUBO enables users to prepare QUBOs or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 Mashiyat Zaman , Kotaro Tanahashi , Shu Tanaka
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