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Let $N_n$ be an $n\times n$ complex random matrix, each of whose entries is an independent copy of a centered complex random variable $z$ with finite non-zero variance $\sigma^{2}$. The strong circular law, proved by Tao and Vu, states that…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Vishesh Jain

We show that the probability that two permutations of $n$ letters have the same number of cycles is \[\sim \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\pi\log{n}}}.\]

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Herbert S. Wilf

These expository notes are centered around the circular law theorem, which states that the empirical spectral distribution of a nxn random matrix with i.i.d. entries of variance 1/n tends to the uniform law on the unit disc of the complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-14 Charles Bordenave , Djalil Chafai

Consider a complex random $n\times n$ matrix ${\bf X}_n=(x_{ij})_{n\times n}$, whose entries $x_{ij}$ are independent random variables with zero means and unit variances. It is well-known that Tao and Vu (Ann Probab 38: 2023-2065, 2010)…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Zhidong Bai , Jiang Hu

We consider products of independent square non-Hermitian random matrices. More precisely, let X(1),...,X(n) be random matrices with independent entries (real or complex with independent real and imaginary parts) with zero mean and variance…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Yuriy Nemish

Consider Ginibre's ensemble of $N \times N$ non-Hermitian random matrices in which all entries are independent complex Gaussians of mean zero and variance $\frac{1}{N}$. As $N \uparrow \infty$ the normalized counting measure of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Brian Rider

We consider random $n\times n$ matrices $X$ with independent and centered entries and a general variance profile. We show that the spectral radius of $X$ converges with very high probability to the square root of the spectral radius of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Johannes Alt , Laszlo Erdos , Torben Krüger

We consider the joint distribution of real and imaginary parts of eigenvalues of random matrices with independent entries with mean zero and unit variance. We prove the convergence of this distribution to the uniform distribution on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-19 Friedrich Götze , Alexander Tikhomirov

In this paper we establish the limit of the empirical spectral distribution of quaternion sample covariance matrices. Suppose $\mathbf X_n = ({x_{jk}^{(n)}})_{p\times n}$ is a quaternion random matrix. For each $n$, the entries…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-22 Huiqin Li , Zhidong Bai , Jiang Hu

We consider the joint distribution of real and imaginary parts of eigenvalues of random matrices with independent real entries with mean zero and unit variance. We prove the convergence of this distribution to the uniform distribution on…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 F. Götze , A. Tikhomirov

The randomly oriented graph $G_{n,p}^{\sigma}$ is an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G_{n,p}$ with a random orientation $\sigma$, which assigns to each edge a direction so that $G_{n,p}^{\sigma}$ becomes a directed graph. Denote by $S_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-05 Yilun Shang

Consider a square random matrix with independent and identically distributed entries of mean zero and unit variance. We show that as the dimension tends to infinity, the spectral radius is equivalent to the square root of the dimension in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Charles Bordenave , Djalil Chafaï , David García-Zelada

Let $A_n$ be an $n\times n$ matrix with iid entries distributed as Bernoulli random variables with parameter $p = p_n$. Rudelson and Tikhomirov, in a beautiful and celebrated paper, show that the distribution of eigenvalues of $A_n \cdot…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Ashwin Sah , Julian Sahasrabudhe , Mehtaab Sawhney

Let $\mathbf X=(X_{jk})_{j,k=1}^n$ denote a Hermitian random matrix with entries $X_{jk}$, which are independent for $1\le j\le k\le n$. We consider the rate of convergence of the empirical spectral distribution function of the matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-10 F. Götze , A. N. Tikhomirov

We consider permutations of $\{1,...,n\}$ obtained by $\lfloor\sqrt{n}t\rfloor$ independent applications of random stirring. In each step the same marked stirring element is transposed with probability $1/n$ with any one of the $n$…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-20 Bálint Vető

In this paper we consider ensemble of random matrices $\X_n$ with independent identically distributed vectors $(X_{ij}, X_{ji})_{i \neq j}$ of entries. Under assumption of finite fourth moment of matrix entries it is proved that empirical…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-07 Alexey Naumov

We consider non-Hermitian random matrices $X \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times n}$ with general decaying correlations between their entries. For large $n$, the empirical spectral distribution is well approximated by a deterministic density,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Johannes Alt , Torben Krüger

Let $(X_n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with distribution $\mathbb P(X_1=1)=\mathbb P(X_1=-1)=1/2$. Let $F(\sigma)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty X_nn^{-\sigma}$. We prove that the following holds almost surely…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-14 Marco Aymone , Susana Frómeta , Ricardo Misturini

We analyze the asymptotic fluctuations of linear eigenvalue statistics of random centrosymmetric matrices with i.i.d. entries. We prove that for a complex analytic test function, the centered and normalized linear eigenvalue statistics of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Indrajit Jana , Sunita Rani

We consider the empirical eigenvalue distribution for a class of non-Hermitian random block tridiagonal matrices $T$ with independent entries. The matrix has $n$ blocks on the diagonal and each block has size $\ell_n$, so the whole matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Yi Han