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The Plug-and-Play (PnP) algorithm is popular for inverse image problem-solving. However, this algorithm lacks theoretical analysis of its convergence with more advanced plug-in denoisers. We demonstrate that discrete PnP iteration can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zhongqi Wang , Bingnan Wang , Maosheng Xiang

In this paper, we propose to regularize ill-posed inverse problems using a deep hierarchical variational autoencoder (HVAE) as an image prior. The proposed method synthesizes the advantages of i) denoiser-based Plug \& Play approaches and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jean Prost , Antoine Houdard , Andrés Almansa , Nicolas Papadakis

A growing number of applications require the reconstructionof 3D objects from a very small number of views. In this research, we consider the problem of reconstructing a 3D object from only 4 Flash X-ray CT views taken during the impact of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Maliha Hossain , Shane C. Paulson , Hangjie Liao , Weinong W. Chen , Charles A. Bouman

We propose a general deep plug-and-play (PnP) algorithm with a theoretical convergence guarantee. PnP strategies have demonstrated outstanding performance in various image restoration tasks by exploiting the powerful priors underlying…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Yodai Suzuki , Ryosuke Isono , Shunsuke Ono

For image recovery problems, plug-and-play (PnP) methods have been developed that replace the proximal step in an optimization algorithm with a call to an application-specific denoiser, often implemented using a deep neural network.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Saurav K Shastri , Rizwan Ahmad , Christopher A Metzler , Philip Schniter

In this paper, we present a novel variational plug-and-play algorithm for Poisson inverse problems. Our approach minimizes an explicit functional which is the sum of a Kullback-Leibler data fidelity term and a regularization term based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Thibaut Modrzyk , Ane Etxebeste , Élie Bretin , Voichita Maxim

Plug-and-Play methods constitute a class of iterative algorithms for imaging problems where regularization is performed by an off-the-shelf denoiser. Although Plug-and-Play methods can lead to tremendous visual performance for various image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Samuel Hurault , Arthur Leclaire , Nicolas Papadakis

Plug-and-play (PnP) methods are extensively used for solving imaging inverse problems by integrating physical measurement models with pre-trained deep denoisers as priors. Score-based diffusion models (SBMs) have recently emerged as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Yuyang Hu , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is a methodology for regularized image reconstruction that specifies the prior through an image denoiser. While PnP algorithms are well understood for denoisers performing maximum a posteriori probability (MAP)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-26 Xiaojian Xu , Yu Sun , Jiaming Liu , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Model-Based Image Reconstruction (MBIR) methods significantly enhance the quality of computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions relative to analytical techniques, but are limited by high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-22 Venkatesh Sridhar , Xiao Wang , Gregery T. Buzzard , Charles A. Bouman

Recent frameworks, such as the so-called plug-and-play, allow us to leverage the developments in image denoising to tackle other, and more involved, problems in image processing. As the name suggests, state-of-the-art denoisers are plugged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Afonso M. Teodoro , José M. Bioucas-Dias , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Plug-and-Play Priors (PnP) is a popular framework for solving imaging inverse problems by integrating learned priors in the form of denoisers trained to remove Gaussian noise from images. In standard PnP methods, the denoiser is applied…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Edward P. Chandler , Shirin Shoushtari , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

In Plug-and-Play (PnP) algorithms, an off-the-shelf denoiser is used for image regularization. PnP yields state-of-the-art results, but its theoretical aspects are not well understood. This work considers the question: Similar to classical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Ruturaj G. Gavaskar , Chirayu D. Athalye , Kunal N. Chaudhury

Plug-and-Play (PnP) is a non-convex optimization framework that combines proximal algorithms, for example, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), with advanced denoising priors. Over the past few years, great empirical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Kaixuan Wei , Angelica Aviles-Rivero , Jingwei Liang , Ying Fu , Hua Huang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

There has been tremendous research on the design of image regularizers over the years, from simple Tikhonov and Laplacian to sophisticated sparsity and CNN-based regularizers. Coupled with a model-based loss function, these are typically…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-26 Pravin Nair , Kunal N. Chaudhury

Plug-and-play denoisers can be used to perform generic image restoration tasks independent of the degradation type. These methods build on the fact that the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) optimization can be solved using smaller sub-problems,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-23 Siavash Bigdeli , David Honzátko , Sabine Süsstrunk , L. Andrea Dunbar

A celebrated connection in the interface of online learning and game theory establishes that players minimizing swap regret converge to correlated equilibria (CE) -- a seminal game-theoretic solution concept. Despite the long history of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm

The plug-and-play (PnP) method uses a deep denoiser within a proximal algorithm for model-based image reconstruction (IR). Unlike end-to-end IR, PnP allows the same pretrained denoiser to be used across different imaging tasks, without the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Arghya Sinha , Trishit Mukherjee , Kunal N. Chaudhury

Solving inverse problems with diffusion models has shown promise in tasks such as image restoration. A common approach is to formulate the problem in a Bayesian framework and sample from the posterior by combining the prior score with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lingyu Wang , Xiangming Meng

While score-based generative models have emerged as powerful priors for solving inverse problems, directly integrating them into optimization algorithms such as ADMM remains nontrivial. Two central challenges arise: i) the mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rajesh Shrestha , Xiao Fu