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We classify real or complex finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebras and their underlying fields from the properties of Birkhoff-James orthogonality. Application to strong Birkhoff-James orthogonality preservers is also given.

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Bojan Kuzma , Sushil Singla

We investigate the orthogonality preserving property for pairs of mappings on inner product $C^*$-modules extending existing results for a single orthogonality-preserving mapping. Guided by the point of view that the $C^*$-valued inner…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Michael Frank , M. S. Moslehian , Ali Zamani

We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix $A$ to be Birkhoff-James orthogonal to another matrix $B$ in the Ky Fan $k$-norms. A characterization for $A$ to be Birkhoff-James orthogonal to any subspace $\mathscr W$ of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-26 Priyanka Grover

We explore Birkhoff-James orthogonality of two elements in a complex Banach space by using the directional approach. Our investigation illustrates the geometric distinctions between a smooth point and a non-smooth point in a complex Banach…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Saikat Roy , Satya Bagchi , Debmalya Sain

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix $A$ to be Birkhoff-James orthogonal to any subspace $\mathscr W$ of $\mathbb M_n(\mathbb C)$. Using this we obtain an expression for the distance of $A$ from any unital $C^*$…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Priyanka Grover

It is shown that every linear strong Birkhoff-James isomorphism between unital $C^*$-algebras is a $*$-isomorphism followed by a unitary multiplication. Moreover, as a partial extension of this result to the non-unital case, the form of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Bojan Kuzma , Srdjan Stefanović , Ryotaro Tanaka

In this paper we present results concerning orthogonality in Hilbert $C^*$-modules. Moreover, for a $C^*$-algebra $\mathscr{A}$, we prove theorems concerning the multi-$\mathscr{A}$-linearity and its preservation by $\mathscr{A}$-linear…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Pawel Wojcik , Ali Zamani

We study two notions of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in a normed space, from a geometric point of view, and characterize them in terms of normal cones. We further explore the interconnection between normal cones and approximate…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Debmalya Sain , Kallol Paul , Arpita mal

The main aim of this paper is to provide characterizations of Birkhoff-James orthogonality (BJ-orthogonality in short) in a number of families of Banach spaces in terms of the elements of significant subsets of the unit ball of their dual…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Miguel Martin , Javier Meri , Alicia Quero , Saikat Roy , Debmalya Sain

Given an essential ideal $J\subset A$ of a C*-algebra $A$, and a Hilbert C*-module $M$ over $A$, we place $M$ between two other Hilbert C*-modules over $A$, $M_J\subset M\subset M^J$, in such a way that each submodule here is thick, i.e.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-04-08 V. Manuilov

Continuing the study of recent results on the Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the norm attainment of operators, we introduce a property namely the adjusted Bhatia-\v{S}emrl property for operators which is weaker than the Bhatia-\v{S}emrl…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Geunsu Choi , Mingu Jung , Sun Kwang Kim

In this article, we discuss the relationship between Birkhoff-James orthogonality of elementary tensors in the space $L^{p}(\mu)\otimes^{\Delta_{p}}X,\; (1\leq p<\infty)$ with the individual elements in their respective spaces, where $X$ is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Mohit , Ranjana Jain

We study the concepts of orthogonality and smoothness in normed linear spaces, induced by the derivatives of the norm function. We obtain analytic characterizations of the said orthogonality relations in terms of support functionals in the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-02 Debmalya Sain

We characterize left symmetric linear operators on a finite dimensional strictly convex and smooth real normed linear space $ \mathbb{X},$ which answers a question raised recently by one of the authors in \cite{S} [D. Sain,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Debmalya Sain , Puja Ghosh , Kallol Paul

In a normed linear space X an element x is said to be orthogonal to another element y in the sense of Birkhoff-James, written as $ x \perp_{B}y, $ iff $ \| x \| \leq \| x + \lambda y \| $ for all scalars $ \lambda.$ We prove that a normed…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Debmalya Sain , Kallol Paul , Kanhaiya Jha

We give a comprehensive introduction to a general modular frame construction in Hilbert C*-modules and to related modular operators on them. The Hilbert space situation appears as a special case. The reported investigations rely on the idea…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Michael Frank , David R. Larson

We consider pairs of operators $A,B\in B(H)$, where $H$ is a Hilbert space, such that there exist a linear isometry $f$ from the span of $\{A,B\}$ into $\mathbb{C}^2$ mapping $A,B$ into orthonormal vectors. We prove some necessary…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-06 Bojan Magajna

Two different notions of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in nor\-med linear spaces have been introduced by Dragomir and Chmie\-li\'n\-ski. In the present paper we consider a global and a local approximate symmetry of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Jacek Chmieliński , Divya Khurana , Debmalya Sain

We determine the exact diameter of the orthograph related to mutual strong Birkhoff-James orthogonality in arbitrary finite dimensional $C^{*}$-algebra. Additionally, we will estimate the distance between vertices in an arbitrary…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Srdjan Stefanović

Let $X$ be a (real or complex) rearrangement-in\-va\-riant function space on $\Om$ (where $\Om = [0,1]$ or $\Om \subseteq \bbN$) whose norm is not proportional to the $L_2$-norm. Let $H$ be a separable Hilbert space. We characterize…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Beata Randrianantoanina