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Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a thin layer that dynamically forms between active electrode and electrolyte during battery operation, critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries1-5. An ideal SEI is expected to be…

It has been shown recently that the overpotential originating from ionic conduction of alkali-ions through the inner dense solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is strongly non-linear. An empirical equation was proposed to merge the measured…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Michael Hess

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is regarded as the most complex but the least understood constituent in secondary batteries using liquid and solid electrolytes. The nanostructures of SEIs were recently reported to be equally…

Electrolyte reduction products form the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. Even though this process practically stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface, it results in continued…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-11-22 Birger Horstmann , Fabian Single , Arnulf Latz

The development of next-generation electrochemical energy storage requires devices that combine the high energy density of batteries with the power capability and long cycle life of supercapacitors. However, the interfacial phenomena…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Mehedi Hasan , Ishtiaq Murshed , Khayrul Islam , A. K. M. Masud

The Solid-Electrolyte Interphase, SEI, formed on a battery electrode has been a central area of research for decades. This thin, complex layer profoundly impacts the electrochemical deposition morphology and stability of the metal in…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-03-19 Stephen T. Fuller , J. -X. Kent Zheng

Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can feature reactive anodes that operate at low potentials, such as lithium metal or silicon, passivated by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films. SEI is known to evolve over time as cycling proceeds. In this…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-05-24 Kevin Leung , Fernando Soto , Kie Hankins , Perla B. Balbuena , Katharine L. Harrison

The existence of passivating layers at the interfaces is a major factor enabling modern lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Their properties determine the cycle life, performance, and safety of batteries. A special case is the solid electrolyte…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Zeeshan Ahmad , Victor Venturi , Hasnain Hafiz , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

The formation and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) play a central role in determining the long-term performance and safety of modern electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite decades of research, the SEI's…

The capacity fade of modern lithium ion batteries is mainly caused by the formation and growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Numerous continuum models support its understanding and mitigation by studying SEI growth during…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Lars von Kolzenberg , Arnulf Latz , Birger Horstmann

In this article, we derive and discuss a physics-based model for impedance spectroscopy of lithium batteries. Our model for electrochemical cells with planar electrodes takes into account the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) as porous…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-04-03 Fabian Single , Birger Horstmann , Arnulf Latz

Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-11-27 Matthew B. Pinson , Martin Z. Bazant

The structure and growth of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) region between an electrolyte and an electrode is one of the most fundamental, yet less-well understood phenomena in solid-state batteries. We present a parameter-free…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-02-07 Gracie Chaney , Andrey Golov , Ambroise van Roekeghem , Javier Carrasco , Natalio Mingo

Here, we correlate the nanoscale morphology and chemical composition of solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) with the electrochemical property of graphite-based composite electrodes. Using electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) and X-ray…

Charge lost per unit surface area of a silicon electrode due to the formation of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer during initial lithiation was quantified, and the species that constitute this layer were identified. Coin cells made…

Nonaqueous aluminum-ion batteries are an interesting emerging energy storage technology, offering a plethora of advantages over existing grid energy storage solutions. Carbonaceous and graphitic materials are an appealing cathode material…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Nicolò Canever , Fraser R. Hughson , Thomas Nann

We present a coupled mechanistic approach that elucidates the intricate interplay between stress and electrochemistry, enabling the prediction of the onset of instabilities in Li-metal anodes and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Shabnam Konica , Brian W. Sheldon , Vikas Srivastava

Continued growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the major reason for capacity fade in modern lithium-ion batteries. This growth is made possible by a yet unidentified transport mechanism that limits the passivating ability of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Fabian Single , Arnulf Latz , Birger Horstmann

Silicon is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, the volume change and the voltage hysteresis during lithiation and delithiation are two substantial drawbacks to their lifetime and performance. We…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Lukas Köbbing , Arnulf Latz , Birger Horstmann

Using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we revealed three dimensional (3D) structural details of the electrochemically plated lithium (Li) flakes and their solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), including the composite SEI skin-layer…

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