English
Related papers

Related papers: A Survey of Question Answering for Math and Scienc…

200 papers

The problem of replicating the flexibility of human common-sense reasoning has captured the imagination of computer scientists since the early days of Alan Turing's foundational work on computation and the philosophy of artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Cameron E. Freer , Daniel M. Roy , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

We identify the task of measuring data to quantitatively characterize the composition of machine learning data and datasets. Similar to an object's height, width, and volume, data measurements quantify different attributes of data along…

We argue that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a mathematical proof to have epistemic value that it be "correct", in the sense of formalizable in a formal proof system. We then present a view on the relationship between…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-16 James Owen Weatherall , Jesse Wolfson

We introduce the Generalized Turing Test (GTT), a formal framework for comparing the capabilities of arbitrary agents via indistinguishability. For agents A and B, we define the Turing comparator A $\geq$ B to hold if B, acting as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Daniel Mitropolsky , Susan S. Hong , Riccardo Neumarker , Emanuele Rimoldi , Tomaso Poggio

A core part of human intelligence is the ability to work flexibly with others to achieve goals. The incorporation of artificial agents into human spaces is making increasing demands on artificial intelligence (AI) to demonstrate and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 William J. Bingley , S. Alexander Haslam , Janet Wiles

We endorse and expand upon Susan Schneider's critique of the linear model of AI progress and introduce two novel concepts: "familiar intelligence" and "strange intelligence". AI intelligence is likely to be strange intelligence, defying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kendra Chilson , Eric Schwitzgebel

The Turing machine is one of the simple abstract computational devices that can be used to investigate the limits of computability. In this paper, they are considered from several points of view that emphasize the importance and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev , Alfredo Garro

The pursuit of human-like conversational agents has long been guided by the Turing test. For modern speech-to-speech (S2S) systems, a critical yet unanswered question is whether they can converse like humans. To tackle this, we conduct the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiang Li , Jiabao Gao , Sipei Lin , Xuan Zhou , Chi Zhang , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Benyou Wang

Artificial intelligence (AI) raises expectations of substantial increases in rates of technological and scientific progress, but such anticipations are often not connected to detailed ground-level studies of AI use in innovation processes.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 John P. Nelson , Olajide Olugbade , Philip Shapira , Justin B. Biddle

This paper summarizes some of the technical background, research ideas, and possible development strategies for achieving machine common sense. Machine common sense has long been a critical-but-missing component of Artificial Intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-18 David Gunning

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a history of nearly a century from its inception to the present day. We have summarized the development trends and discovered universal rules, including both success and failure. We have analyzed the reasons…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Lin Zhang

Although artificial intelligence is currently one of the most interesting areas in scientific research, the potential threats posed by emerging AI systems remain a source of persistent controversy. To address the issue of AI threat, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-05 Feng Liu , Yong Shi , Ying Liu

In learning-assisted theorem proving, one of the most critical challenges is to generalize to theorems unlike those seen at training time. In this paper, we introduce INT, an INequality Theorem proving benchmark, specifically designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Qiaochu Jiang , Jimmy Ba , Roger Grosse

Given the increasing popularity of algorithms for overlapping clustering, in particular in social network analysis, quantitative measures are needed to measure the accuracy of a method. Given a set of true clusters, and the set of clusters…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-05 Aaron F. McDaid , Derek Greene , Neil Hurley

Adaptive interventions (AIs) are increasingly becoming popular in medical and behavioral sciences. An AI is a sequence of individualized intervention options that specify for whom and under what conditions different intervention options…

Applications · Statistics 2018-12-18 Palash Ghosh , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Bonnie Spring , Bibhas Chakraborty

Are intelligent machines really intelligent? Is the underlying philosophical concept of intelligence satisfactory for describing how the present systems work? Is understanding a necessary and sufficient condition for intelligence? If a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán , Carlos Blanco

The digitalization of credit scoring has become essential for financial institutions and commercial banks, especially in the era of digital transformation. Machine learning techniques are commonly used to evaluate customers'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Huyen Giang Thi Thu , Thang Viet Doan , Ha-Bang Ban , Tai Le Quy

Software fairness testing is a central method for evaluating AI systems, yet the meaning of fairness is often treated as fixed and universally applicable. This vision paper positions fairness testing as culturally situated and examines the…

Comparing model performances on benchmark datasets is an integral part of measuring and driving progress in artificial intelligence. A model's performance on a benchmark dataset is commonly assessed based on a single or a small set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Kathrin Blagec , Georg Dorffner , Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a part of everyday conversation and our lives. It is considered as the new electricity that is revolutionizing the world. AI is heavily invested in both industry and academy. However, there is also a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Matti Pietikäinen , Olli Silven