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We define a group-valued invariant of virtual knots and relate it to various other group-valued invariants of virtual knots, including the extended group of Silver-Williams and the quandle group of Manturov and Bardakov-Bellingeri. A…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-07-14 Hans U. Boden , Robin Gaudreau , Eric Harper , Andrew J. Nicas , Lindsay White

We develop an invariant of knots that depends on a complex parameter t, describing a left ideal in the noncommutative torus. When the parameter is set equal to -1 we recover the A-polynomial of the knot. We relate the invariant to the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Charles Frohman , Razvan Gelca , Walter Lofaro

Let K be a knot in $S^3$ and $X$ its complement. We study deformations of reducible metabelian representations of the knot group $\pi_1(X)$ into $SL(3,\mathbb{C})$ which are associated to a double root of the Alexander polynomial. We prove…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-10-16 Leila Ben Abdelghani , Michael Heusener , Hajer Jebali

For a knot diagram $K$, the classical knot group $\pi_1(K)$ is a free group modulo relations determined by Wirtinger-type relations on the classical crossings. The classical knot group is invariant under the Reidemeister moves. In this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Heather A. Dye , Aaron Kaestner

Given any unoriented link diagram, a group of new knot invariants are constructed. Each of them satisfies a generalized 4 term skein relation. The coefficients of each invariant is from a commutative ring. Homomorphisms and representations…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-04-14 Zhiqing Yang , Jifu Xiao

Given any oriented link diagram, two types of new knot invariants are constructed. They satisfy some generalized skein relations. The coefficients of each invariant is from a commutative ring. Homomorphisms and representations of those…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-05-10 Zhiqing Yang

The conormal Lagrangian $L_K$ of a knot $K$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is the submanifold of the cotangent bundle $T^* \mathbb{R}^3$ consisting of covectors along $K$ that annihilate tangent vectors to $K$. By intersecting with the unit cotangent…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Kai Cieliebak , Tobias Ekholm , Janko Latschev , Lenhard Ng

This survey explores knot polynomials and their categorification, culminating in the homological invariants of knots. We begin with an overview of classical knot polynomials, progressing towards the superpolynomial and its role in unifying…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Shivrat Sachdeva

A knot \widetilde{K} \subset S^3 is q-periodic if there is a \mathbb Z_q-action preserving \widetilde{K} whose fixed set is an unknot U. The quotient of \widetilde{K} under the action is a second knot K. We construct equivariant Heegaard…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-10-08 Kristen Hendricks

In view of the self-linking invariant, the number $|K|$ of framed knots in $S^3$ with given underlying knot $K$ is infinite. In fact, the second author previously defined affine self-linking invariants and used them to show that $|K|$ is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-04-24 Patricia Cahn , Vladimir Chernov , Rustam Sadykov

This paper contains the strongest and at the same time most calculable knot invariant ever. Let $\Theta$ be the topological moduli space of all ordered oriented tangles in 3-space. We construct a non-trivial combinatorial 1-cocycle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Thomas Fiedler

We show that, for any prime p, a knot K in the 3-sphere is determined by its p-fold cyclic unbranched covering. We also investigate when the m-fold cyclic unbranched covering of a knot coincides with the n-fold cyclic unbranched covering of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-05-27 Bruno P. Zimmermann

We compute rho-invariant for iterated torus knots $K$ for the standard representation of the knot group given by abelianisation. For algebraic knots, this invariant turns out to be very closely related to an invariant of a plane curve…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-06-21 Maciej Borodzik

The conormal lift of a link $K$ in $\R^3$ is a Legendrian submanifold $\Lambda_K$ in the unit cotangent bundle $U^* \R^3$ of $\R^3$ with contact structure equal to the kernel of the Liouville form. Knot contact homology, a topological link…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Tobias Ekholm , John Etnyre , Lenhard Ng , Michael Sullivan

Three new knot invariants are defined using cocycles of the generalized quandle homology theory that was proposed by Andruskiewitsch and Gra\~na. We specialize that theory to the case when there is a group action on the coefficients. First,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Mohamed Elhamdadi , Matias Graña , Masahico Saito

We automate the process of machine learning correlations between knot invariants. For nearly 200,000 distinct sets of input knot invariants together with an output invariant, we attempt to learn the output invariant by training a neural…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jessica Craven , Mark Hughes , Vishnu Jejjala , Arjun Kar

We propose a gauge model of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and its nonabelian generalization from which we derive knot invariants such as the Jones polynomial. Our approach is inspired by the work of Witten who derived knot invariants from…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sze Kui Ng

By studying the Heegaard Floer homology of the preimage of a knot K in S^3 inside its double branched cover, we develop simple obstructions to K having finite order in the classical smooth concordance group. As an application, we prove that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-11 J. Elisenda Grigsby , Daniel Ruberman , Saso Strle

A non-singular connected algebraic curve $A$ in a simply connected algebraic surface $X$ can be knotted so that its homology class and the fundamental group of its complement in $X$ is preserved, provided $A$ is sufficiently complex (not…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sergey Finashin

We study certain linear representations of the knot group that induce augmentations of knot contact homology. This perspective on augmentations enhances our understanding of the relationship between the augmentation polynomial and the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-08-28 Christopher Cornwell