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The Minkowski vacuum state is expressed as an entangled state between the left and right Rindler wedges when it is constructed on the Rindler vacuum. In this paper, we further examine the entanglement structure and extend the expression to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-08 Atsushi Higuchi , Satoshi Iso , Kazushige Ueda , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

We investigate the quantum radiation produced by an Unruh-De Witt detector in a uniformly accelerating motion coupled to the vacuum fluctuations. Quantum radiation is nonvanishing, which is consistent with the previous calculation by Lin…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-25 Satoshi Iso , Naritaka Oshita , Rumi Tatsukawa , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

The Unruh effect, central to quantum field theory in curved spacetime, states that uniformly accelerated observers perceive the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal ensemble of Rindler excitations. Building on this foundation and drawing analogies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Kevin Player

The master equation describing the completely positive time evolution of a uniformly accelerated two-level system in weak interaction with a scalar field in the Minkowski vacuum is derived and explicitly solved. It encodes the well known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Benatti , R. Floreanini

We demonstrate that the future and left Rindler wedges of Minkowski spacetime are entangled, leading to the Unruh effect. Similarly, the past and right Rindler wedges are also entangled. We propose a protocol to extract this entanglement…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Pravin Kumar Dahal , Kieran Hymas

We investigate the properties of quantum radiation produced by a uniformly accelerating charged particle undergoing thermal random motions, which originates from the coupling to the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Because…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-18 Naritaka Oshita , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

The Unruh effect predicts that a uniformly accelerated observer perceives the vacuum seen by an inertial observer as a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to its proper acceleration. This phenomenon is often regarded as a flat…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Yuebing Zhou , Jiawei Hu , Hongwei Yu

The incorporation of classical general relativity into quantum field theory yields a surprising result -- thermodynamic particle production. One such phenomenon, known as the Unruh effect, causes empty space to effervesce a thermal bath of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-16 Morgan H. Lynch

We analyze the two-photon emission process of a uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless scalar field in Minkowski spacetime. Using second-order perturbation theory, we derive the exact final quantum state of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-31 Arash Azizi

Minkowski vacuum is empty from the perspective of Unruh-Minkowski photons, however, in the Rindler picture, it is filled with entangled pairs of Rindler photons. A ground-state atom uniformly accelerated through Minkowski vacuum can become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Anatoly A. Svidzinsky , Marlan O. Scully , William Unruh

We study the radiative process of two entangled two-level atoms uniformly accelerated in a thermal bath, coupled to a massless scalar field. First, using the positive frequency Wightman function from the Minkowski modes with a Rindler…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-25 Subhajit Barman , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

The interplay between acceleration and radiation harbors remarkable and surprising consequences. One of the most striking is that the Larmor radiation emitted by a charge can be seen as a consequence of the Unruh thermal bath. Indeed, this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-28 Andre G. S. Landulfo , Stephen A. Fulling , George E. A. Matsas

It is well known that Minkowski vacuum appears as a thermal bath in the Rindler spacetime when the modes on the left wedge are traced out. We introduce the concept of a Rindler-Rindler spacetime, obtained by a further coordinate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Sanved Kolekar , T. Padmanabhan

We discuss the emission of radiation from general sources in quantum scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational fields using the Rindler coordinate frame, which is suitable for a uniformly accelerated observer, in the Minkowski vacuum. In…

We discuss the emission of pairs of photons by charges with generic worldlines in the Minkowski vacuum from the viewpoint of inertial observers and interpret them from the perspective of Rindler observers. We show that the emission of pairs…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-27 Juan V. O. Pêgas , Robert Bingham , Gianluca Gregori , George E. A. Matsas

In this study, we investigate the signature of the Unruh effect in quantum radiation from an accelerated charged particle interacting with vacuum fluctuations. Because a charged particle in uniformly accelerated motion exhibits thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-27 Naritaka Oshita , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

We show that the Unruh effect can create net quantum entanglement between inertial and accelerated observers depending on the choice of the inertial state. This striking result banishes the extended belief that the Unruh effect can only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-22 M. Montero , E. Martin-Martinez

We investigate thermal behaviour in quantum fields by analysing a hierarchy of null-shifted Rindler wedges in Minkowski spacetime. Starting from the Minkowski vacuum restricted to an initial Rindler wedge, we construct several inequivalent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-16 Rakesh K Jha , Akhil U Nair , Prasant Samantray , Sashideep Gutti

We estimate the transition rates of a uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a quantum field with reflecting conditions on a boundary plane (a "mirror"). We find that these are essentially indistinguishable from the usual…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Carlo Rovelli , Matteo Smerlak

While the Unruh effect has traditionally been studied under the assumption of uniform acceleration, a simplification motivated by experimental considerations, it is not necessarily true for all non-inertial motions. We propose a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Manuel de Atocha Rodríguez Fernández , Alexander I. Nesterov , Gennady P. Berman , C. Moreno-González
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