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We combine concept-based neural networks with generative, flow-based classifiers into a novel, intrinsically explainable, exactly invertible approach to supervised learning. Prototypical neural networks, a type of concept-based neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zachariah Carmichael , Timothy Redgrave , Daniel Gonzalez Cedre , Walter J. Scheirer

Estimating the parameters of a model describing a set of observations using a neural network is in general solved in a supervised way. In cases when we do not have access to the model's true parameters this approach can not be applied.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-30 Miguel A. Aragon-Calvo

We introduce a new approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning based on the recognition-parametrised model (RPM): a normalised semi-parametric hypothesis class for joint distributions over observed and latent variables. Under the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 William I. Walker , Hugo Soulat , Changmin Yu , Maneesh Sahani

The Hopfield recurrent neural network is a classical auto-associative model of memory, in which collections of symmetrically-coupled McCulloch-Pitts neurons interact to perform emergent computation. Although previous researchers have…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-06-09 Christopher Hillar , Ngoc M. Tran

In this paper, we propose an extremely simple deep model for the unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction -- deep distributed random samplings, which performs like a stack of unsupervised bootstrap aggregating. First, its network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-17 Xiao-Lei Zhang

Associative memories in the brain receive and store patterns of activity registered by the sensory neurons, and are able to retrieve them when necessary. Due to their importance in human intelligence, computational models of associative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Yujian Hong , Simon Frieder , Lei Sha , Zhenghua Xu , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We discuss how inference can be performed when data are sampled from the non-ergodic phase of systems with multiple attractors. We take as model system the finite connectivity Hopfield model in the memory phase and suggest a cavity method…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-09-03 A. Braunstein , A. Ramezanpour , R. Zecchina , P. Zhang

This paper examines the memory capacity of generalized neural networks. Hopfield networks trained with a variety of learning techniques are investigated for their capacity both for binary and non-binary alphabets. It is shown that the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-07-31 Matt Stowe , Subhash Kak

Despite deep convolutional neural networks' great success in object classification, it suffers from severe generalization performance drop under occlusion due to the inconsistency between training and testing data. Because of the large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Mingqing Xiao , Adam Kortylewski , Ruihai Wu , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Alan Yuille

The Hopfield model is a pioneering neural network model with associative memory retrieval. The analytical solution of the model in mean field limit revealed that memories can be retrieved without any error up to a finite storage capacity of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-10-31 Do-Hyun Kim , Jinha Park , B. Kahng

Sequence memory is an essential attribute of natural and artificial intelligence that enables agents to encode, store, and retrieve complex sequences of stimuli and actions. Computational models of sequence memory have been proposed where…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Hamza Tahir Chaudhry , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Dmitry Krotov , Cengiz Pehlevan

Local Hebbian learning is believed to be inferior in performance to end-to-end training using a backpropagation algorithm. We question this popular belief by designing a local algorithm that can learn convolutional filters at scale on large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Leopold Grinberg , John Hopfield , Dmitry Krotov

Unsupervised machine learning is a cornerstone of artificial intelligence as it provides algorithms capable of learning tasks, such as classification of data, without explicit human assistance. We present an unsupervised deep learning…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-03-23 Oleksandr Balabanov , Mats Granath

Deep neural networks have shown superior performance in many regimes to remember familiar patterns with large amounts of data. However, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm is still limited when facing the need to learn new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Jing Shi , Jiaming Xu , Yiqun Yao , Bo Xu

Dense Associative Memories or modern Hopfield networks permit storage and reliable retrieval of an exponentially large (in the dimension of feature space) number of memories. At the same time, their naive implementation is non-biological,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-29 Dmitry Krotov , John Hopfield

We consider $L$-directional associative memories, composed of $L$ Hopfield networks, displaying imitative Hebbian intra-network interactions and anti-imitative Hebbian inter-network interactions, where couplings are built over a set of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-11 Elena Agliari , Andrea Alessandrelli , Paulo Duarte Mourao , Alberto Fachechi

It has been shown that a neural network model recently proposed to describe basic memory performance is based on a ternary/binary coding/decoding algorithm which leads to a new neural network assembly memory model (NNAMM) providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Petro M. Gopych

Deep learning models have achieved great success on various vision challenges, but a well-trained model would face drastic performance degradation when applied to unseen data. Since the model is sensitive to domain shift, unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ziyu Ye , Chen Ju , Chaofan Ma , Xiaoyun Zhang

These are lecture notes for a course on machine learning with neural networks for scientists and engineers that I have given at Gothenburg University and Chalmers Technical University in Gothenburg, Sweden. The material is organised into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 B. Mehlig

We introduce a new method for training deep Boltzmann machines jointly. Prior methods of training DBMs require an initial learning pass that trains the model greedily, one layer at a time, or do not perform well on classification tasks. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-02 Ian J. Goodfellow , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio