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Let $P:\{0,1\}^k \to \{0,1\}$ be a nontrivial $k$-ary predicate. Consider a random instance of the constraint satisfaction problem $\mathrm{CSP}(P)$ on $n$ variables with $\Delta n$ constraints, each being $P$ applied to $k$ randomly chosen…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Pravesh K. Kothari , Ryuhei Mori , Ryan O'Donnell , David Witmer

In this paper we explore fundamental concepts in computational complexity theory and the boundaries of algorithmic decidability. We examine the relationship between complexity classes \textbf{P} and \textbf{NP}, where $L \in \textbf{P}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

We analyse the complexity of the satisfiability problem, or similarly feasibility problem, (trSAT) for transformer encoders (TE), which naturally occurs in formal verification or interpretation, collectively referred to as formal reasoning.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Marco Sälzer , Eric Alsmann , Martin Lange

We prove the #P-hardness of the counting problems associated with various satisfiability, graph and combinatorial problems, when restricted to planar instances. These problems include \begin{romannum} \item[{}] {\sc 3Sat, 1-3Sat, 1-Ex3Sat,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Harry B. Hunt , Madhav V. Marathe , Venkatesh Radhakrishnan , Richard E. Stearns

The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science. The worst-case hardness of SAT lies at the core of computational complexity theory. The average-case analysis of SAT has triggered the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Tobias Friedrich , Anton Krohmer , Ralf Rothenberger , Thomas Sauerwald , Andrew M. Sutton

We develop a framework to give upper bounds on the "practical" computational complexity of stability problems for a wide range of nonlinear continuous and hybrid systems. To do so, we describe stability properties of dynamical systems using…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-06-05 Sicun Gao , Soonho Kong , Edmund Clarke

The study of various decision problems for logic fragments has a long history in computer science. This paper is on the membership problem for a fragment of first-order logic over infinite words; the membership problem asks for a given…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Manfred Kufleitner , Tobias Walter

Defining the observable ${\bf \phi}$ canonically conjugate to the number observable ${\bf N}$ has long been an open problem in quantum theory. The problem stems from the fact that ${\bf N}$ is bounded from below. In a previous work we have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gilad Gour

We investigate the quantifier alternation hierarchy in first-order logic on finite words. Levels in this hierarchy are defined by counting the number of quantifier alternations in formulas. We prove that one can decide membership of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Thomas Place , Marc Zeitoun

Literature on Constraint Satisfaction exhibits the definition of several structural properties that can be possessed by CSPs, like (in)consistency, substitutability or interchangeability. Current tools for constraint solving typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Lucas Bordeaux , Marco Cadoli , Toni Mancini

For any particular class of graphs, algorithms for computational problems restricted to the class often rely on structural properties that depend on the specific problem at hand. This begs the question if a large set of such results can be…

Many real applications problems can be encoded easily as quantified formulas in SMT. However, this simplicity comes at the cost of difficulty during solving by SMT solvers. Different strategies and quantifier instantiation techniques have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mudathir Mohamed , Nick Feng , Andrew Reynolds , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett , Marsha Chechik

We consider the average-case complexity of some otherwise undecidable or open Diophantine problems. More precisely, consider the following: (I) Given a polynomial f in Z[v,x,y], decide the sentence \exists v \forall x \exists y f(v,x,y)=0,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-20 J. Maurice Rojas

A Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problem (VCSP) provides a common framework that can express a wide range of discrete optimization problems. A VCSP instance is given by a finite set of variables, a finite domain of labels, and an objective…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Vladimir Kolmogorov

The Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) issue concerns the satisfiability of formulae from multiple background theories, usually expressed in the language of first-order predicate logic with equality. SMT solvers are often based on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Domenico Cantone , Andrea De Domenico , Pietro Maugeri

The coalgebraic $\mu$-calculus provides a generic semantic framework for fixpoint logics with branching types beyond the standard relational setup, e.g. probabilistic, weighted, or game-based. Previous work on the coalgebraic $\mu$-calculus…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Daniel Hausmann , Lutz Schröder

An important problem in geometric reasoning is to find the configuration of a collection of geometric bodies so as to satisfy a set of given constraints. Recently, it has been suggested that this problem can be solved efficiently by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 S. Bhansali , G. A. Kramer , T. J. Hoar

This paper analyzes to what extent it is possible to efficiently reduce the number of clauses in NP-hard satisfiability problems, without changing the answer. Upper and lower bounds are established using the concept of kernelization.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Bart M. P. Jansen , Astrid Pieterse

We model Semantic Self-Verification (SSV) as the problem of determining whether a statement accurately characterizes its own semantic properties within a given interpretive framework that formalizes a challenge in AI safety and fairness:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Robin Young