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Let $\mathcal C$ be a category with finite colimits, writing its coproduct $+$, and let $(\mathcal D, \otimes)$ be a braided monoidal category. We describe a method of producing a symmetric monoidal category from a lax braided monoidal…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-12 Brendan Fong

If $\mathbf{C}$ is a category with pullbacks then there is a bicategory with the same objects as $\mathbf{C}$, spans as morphisms, and maps of spans as 2-morphisms, as shown by Benabou. Fong has developed a theory of "decorated" cospans,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Kenny Courser

One goal of applied category theory is to understand open systems. We compare two ways of describing open systems as cospans equipped with extra data. First, given a functor $L \colon \mathsf{A} \to \mathsf{X}$, a "structured cospan" is a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-07 John C. Baez , Kenny Courser , Christina Vasilakopoulou

Fong developed `decorated cospans' to model various kinds of open systems: that is, systems with inputs and outputs. In this framework, open systems are seen as the morphisms of a category and can be composed as such, allowing larger open…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Kenny Courser

One goal of applied category theory is to better understand networks appearing throughout science and engineering. Here we introduce "structured cospans" as a way to study networks with inputs and outputs. Given a functor $L \colon…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-11 John C. Baez , Kenny Courser

The task of constructing compositional semantics for network-style diagrammatic languages, such as electrical circuits or chemical reaction networks, has been dubbed the black boxing problem, as it gives semantics that describes the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-24 Brendan Fong , Maru Sarazola

Herein we develop category-theoretic tools for understanding network-style diagrammatic languages. The archetypal network-style diagrammatic language is that of electric circuits; other examples include signal flow graphs, Markov processes,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-20 Brendan Fong

We construct a compact closed category out of any symmetric monoidal category by freely adding adjoints to its objects. The morphisms of the completion are defined as string diagrams annotated by objects and morphisms from the original…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Antonin Delpeuch

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unit. We develop a Hochschild cohomology theory in the category $\mathcal{F}$ of linear functors defined from an essentially small symmetric monoidal category enriched in $R$-Mod, to $R$-Mod. The category…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Nadia Romero

In [KW14], the new concept of Feynman categories was introduced to simplify the discussion of operad--like objects. In this present paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, by introducing the concept of decorated Feynman…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Ralph M. Kaufmann , Jason Lucas

In this paper, we consider categories with colored morphisms and functors such that morphisms assigned to morphisms with a common color have a common color. In this paper, we construct a morphism-colored functor such that any…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Yasuhide Numata

Let M be a bicomplete, closed symmetric monoidal category. Let P be an operad in M, i.e., a monoid in the category of symmetric sequences of objects in M, with its composition monoidal structure. Let R be a P-co-ring, i.e., a comonoid in…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kathryn Hess , Paul-Eugene Parent , Jonathan Scott

Given a symmetric monoidal $(\infty,n)$-category $\mathcal{C}$ and a space $X$, we address the problem of explicitly describing the symmetric monoidal $(\infty,n)$-category freely obtained from $\mathcal{C}$ by adjoining $X$ new…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Andrea Bianchi

Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a small category, and suppose that we are given two (non-full) subcategories $\mathcal{S}^{sm}$ and $\mathcal{S}^{cl}$ that generate all morphisms of $\mathcal{S}$ under composition in the same way as morphisms of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Luca Terenzi

A symmetric monoidal category naturally arises as the mathematical structure that organizes physical systems, processes, and composition thereof, both sequentially and in parallel. This structure admits a purely graphical calculus. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Bob Coecke , Raymond Lal

We introduce a graphical language for closed symmetric monoidal categories based on an extension of string diagrams with special bracket wires representing internal homs. These bracket wires make the structure of the internal hom functor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Callum Reader , Alessandro Di Giorgio

We present a method of constructing monoidal, braided monoidal, and symmetric monoidal bicategories from corresponding types of monoidal double categories that satisfy a lifting condition. Many important monoidal bicategories arise…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-26 Linde Wester Hansen , Michael Shulman

Applied category theory often studies symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs) whose morphisms represent open systems. These structures naturally accommodate complex wiring patterns, leveraging (co)monoidal structures for splitting and merging…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Marius Furter , Yujun Huang , Gioele Zardini

We examine a variant of hypergraphs that we call interfaced linear hypergraphs, with the aim of creating a sound and complete graphical language for symmetric traced monoidal categories (STMCs) suitable for graph rewriting. In particular,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-22 George Kaye

Just as binary relations between sets may be understood as jointly monic spans, so too may equivalence relations on the disjoint union of sets be understood as jointly epic cospans. With the ensuing notion of composition inherited from the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-30 Brandon Coya , Brendan Fong
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