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Some classic second-order sufficient optimality conditions in the calculus of variations are shown to be equivalent, while also introducing a new equivalent second-order condition which is extremely easy to apply: simply integrate a linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-25 William W. Hager

Apparently, all partial differential equations that describe physical phenomena in space-time can be cast into a universal quasilinear, first-order form. In this paper, we do two things. First, we describe some broad features of systems of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Geroch

We discuss a general method by which a higher order difference equation on a group is transformed into an equivalent triangular system of two difference equations of lower orders. This breakdown into lower order equations is based on the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2012-03-27 H. Sedaghat

This work deals with defect structures in models described by scalar fields. The investigations focus on generalized models, with the kinetic term modified to allow for a diversity of possibilities. We develop a new framework, in which we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-12 D. Bazeia , L. Losano , R. Menezes

Using exhaustion method and finite differences a new method to solve system of partial differential equations and is presented. This method allows design algorithm to solve linear and nonlinear systems in irregular domains. Applying this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Miriam Sosa-Díaz , Faustino Sanchez-Garduno

We show that the central finite difference formula for the first and the second derivative of a function can be derived, in the context of quantum mechanics, as matrix elements of the momentum and kinetic energy operators using, as a basis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Domenico Ninno , Giovanni Cantele , Fabio Trani

This paper is concerned with difference equations on elliptic curves. We establish some general properties of the difference Galois groups of equations of order two, and give applications to the calculation of some difference Galois groups.…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-01-14 Thomas Dreyfus , Julien Roques

We propose an integral transform, called metamorphism, which allow us to reduce the order of a differential equation. For example, the second order Helmholtz equation is transformed into a first order equation, which can be solved by the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Vladimir V. Kisil

This article presents a comprehensive overview and supplement to recent developments in second-order elliptic partial differential equations formulated in double divergence form, along with an exploration of their parabolic counterparts.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Seick Kim

This paper introduces a novel approach to algebraic multigrid methods for large systems of linear equations coming from finite element discretizations of certain elliptic second order partial differential equations. Based on a discrete…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Lukas Kogler , Joachim Schöberl

This article handles in a short manner a few Laplace transform pairs and some extensions to the basic equations are developed. They can be applied to a wide variety of functions in order to find the Laplace transform or its inverse when…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-02-13 Henrik Stenlund

A procedure to obtain differentiation matrices is extended straightforwardly to yield new differentiation matrices useful to obtain derivatives of complex rational functions. Such matrices can be used to obtain numerical solutions of some…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rafael G. Campos , Claudio Meneses

The work relates to a new way for analysis of one-dimensional stochastic systems, based on consideration of its higher order difference structure. From this point of view, the deterministic and random processes are analyzed. A new numerical…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-09-08 A. Yu. Shahverdian , A. V. Apkarian

The existence of a semiconjugate relation permits the transformation of a higher order difference equation on a group into an equivalent triangular system of two difference equations of lower orders. Introducing time-dependent form…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2012-03-02 Hassan Sedaghat

For the system of second order quasilinear parabolic equations the problem of reducing them to the equations of diffusion type is considered. In non-degenerate case an effective algorithm for solving this problem is suggested.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 V. V. Dmitrieva , A. V. Gladkov , R. A. Sharipov

In this article we study solutions to second order linear difference equations with variable coefficients. Under mild conditions we provide closed form solutions using finite continued fraction representations. The proof of the results are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Shirali Kadyrov , Alibek Orynbassar

We report a new analytical method for solution of a wide class of second-order differential equations with eigenvalues replaced by arbitrary functions. Such classes of problems occur frequently in Quantum Mechanics and Optics. This approach…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-04-30 Sina Khorasani

We consider some applications of the non-homogeneous second order integral equation of Fox. Some new solutions to Fox's integral equation are discussed in relation to number theory.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Alexander E. Patkowski

A systematic construction of the Green's matrix for a second order, self-adjoint matrix differential operator from the linearly independent solutions of the corresponding homogeneous differential equation set is carried out. We follow the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-06 Tahsin Cagri Sisman , Bayram Tekin

It is proved that the set of geodesic circles in two dimensions may be given a variational description and the explicit form of it is presented. In the limit case of the Euclidean geometry a certain claim of uniqueness of such description…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Roman Matsyuk