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The hyper Zagreb index is a kind of extensions of Zagreb index, used for predicting physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Given a graph $G= (V(G), E(G))$, the first hyper-Zagreb index is the sum of the square of edge degree over…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-08 Shaohui Wang , Wei Gao , Muhammad K. Jamil , Mohammad R. Farahani , Jia-Bao Liu

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. The hyper Zagreb index of $G$, denoted by $HM(G)$, is defined as $HM(G) =\sum\limits_{uv \in E(G)}\left[d_{G}(u)+d_G(v)\right]^{2}$ where $d_G(v)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $v$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-30 Chidambaram Natarajan , Selvaraj Balachandran , SK Ayyaswamy

Topological indices are numerical invariants derived from molecular graphs and play an important role in characterizing chemical compounds and predicting their properties. Among the earliest descriptors are the classical Zagreb indices…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Kinkar Chandra Das , Jayanta Bera

Let ${\mathcal G}_n$ be the set of class of graphs of order $n$. The first Zagreb index $M_1(G)$ is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_2(G)$ is equal to the sum of the products of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Batmend Horoldagva , Kinkar Chandra Das

The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of the square of every vertex degree, while the second Zagreb index is the sum of the product of vertex degrees of each edge over all edges. In our work, we solve an open question about…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Shengjin Ji , Shaohui Wang

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph. The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is defined as $\sum_{u \in V} d^2(u)$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. Using the P\'{o}lya-Szeg\H{o} inequality, we in this paper present the first Zagreb…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Rao Li

The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of squares of the vertex degrees in a graph and the second Zagreb index of $G$ is the sum of products of degrees of adjacent vertices in $G$. The imbalance of an edge in $G$ is the numerical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Sudev Naduvath , Johan Kok

The Zagreb index of a hypergraph is defined as the sum of the squares of the degrees of its vertices. A connected $k$-uniform hypergraph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges is called bicyclic if $n=m(k-1)-1$. In this paper, we determine the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Hong Zhou , Changjiang Bu

The first Zagreb index $M_{1}(G)$ is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_{2}(G)$ is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the underlying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 H. M. Nagesh

For a simple graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index are defined as $M_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V}d(v)^2 $ and $M_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}d(u)d(v)$. In \cite{VGFAD}, it was shown that if a connected…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Hosam Abdo , Darko Dimitrov , Ivan Gutman

A topological index is a real number which is derived from a network or a graph by mathematically that characterizes the whole of its structural properties. Recently, there are various topological indices that have been introduced in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Prosanta Sarkar , Nilanjan De , Anita Pal

The first Zagreb index $M_{1}$ of a graph is defined as the sum of the square of every vertex degree, and the second Zagreb index $M_{2}$ of a graph is defined as the sum of the product of vertex degrees of each pair of adjacent vertices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Xiaocong He , Xiaobo He

The F-index of a graph is defined as the sum of cubes of the vertex degrees of the graph. This was introduced in 1972, in the same paper where the first and second Zagreb indices were introduced to study the structure-dependency of total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-23 Nilanjan De , Sk. Md. Abu Nayeem , Anita Pal

The second Zagreb index of a graph G is denoted by $M_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}d(u)d(v)$. In this paper, we investigate properties of the extremal graphs with the maximum second Zagreb indices with given graphic sequences, in particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-30 Wei-Gang Yuan , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The generalized hierarchical product of graphs was introduced by L. Barri\'ere et al in 2009. In this paper, reformulated first Zagreb index of generalized hierarchical product of two connected graphs and hence as a special case cluster…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Nilanjan De

Applications in chemistry motivated mathematicians to define different topological indices for different types of graphs. The Hyper-Zagreb index (HM) is an important tool as it integrates the first and the second Zagreb indices. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Hassan Rezapour , Ramin Nasiri , Seyedahmad Mousavi

In the last forty years, many scientists used graph theory to develop mathematical models for analyzing structures and properties of various chemical compounds. In this paper, we will establish formulas and bounds for generalized first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Sanju Vaidya , Jeff Chang

Let $\mathbb{G} = (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$ be a simple connected graph, where $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{E}$ denote the vertex and edge sets, respectively. The first Zagreb index is defined as $\mathcal{M}_{1}(\mathbb{G}) = \sum_{v \in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Waqar Ali , Mohamad Nazri Bin Husin , Muhammad Faisal Nadeem , Muqaddas Jabin

We examine the quantity \[S(G) = \sum_{uv\in E(G)} \min(\text{deg } u, \text{deg } v)\] over sets of graphs with a fixed number of edges. The main result shows the maximum possible value of $S(G)$ is achieved by three different classes of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Ashwin Sah , Mehtaab Sawhney

Augmented Zagreb Index is a newly defined degree based topological invariant which has been well established for its better correlation properties and is defined as $AZI(G)= \sum_{uv\in E(G)}(\frac{d_G (u)d_G (v)}{d_G (u)+ d_G (v)-2})^3 $,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-02 Nazeran Idrees , Afshan Sadiq , Muhammad Jawwad Saif , Asia Rauf
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