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Cyber attacks have become serious threats to Industrial Control systems as well. It becomes important to develop a serious threat defense system against such vulnerabilities. For such process control systems, safety should also be assured…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Manikanta Reddy Dornala

The coming decades may see the large scale deployment of networked cyber-physical systems to address global needs in areas such as energy, water, healthcare, and transportation. However, as recent events have shown, such systems are…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Bharadwaj Satchidanandan , P. R. Kumar

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

We address the problem of attack detection and attack correction for multi-output discrete-time linear time-invariant systems under sensor attack. More specifically, we focus on the situation where adversarial attack signals are added to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-16 Zhanghan Tang , Margreta Kuijper , Michelle Chong , Iven Mareels , Chris Leckie

The promise of LLM watermarking rests on a core assumption that a specific watermark proves authorship by a specific model. We demonstrate that this assumption is dangerously flawed. We introduce the threat of watermark spoofing, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hyeseon An , Shinwoo Park , Suyeon Woo , Yo-Sub Han

Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

A state-feedback watermarking signal design for the detection of replay attacks in linear systems is proposed. The control input is augmented with a random time-delayed term of the system state estimate, in order to secure the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Christoforos Somarakis , Raman Goyal , Erfaun Noorani , Shantanu Rane

Physical watermarking is a well established technique for replay attack detection in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Most of the watermarking methods proposed in the literature are designed for discrete-time systems. In general, real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Bahram Yaghooti , Raffaele Romagnoli , Bruno Sinopoli

Previous research employing a conceptual approach with a digital twin has demonstrated that (noise-based) dynamic watermarking is incapable of providing unconditional security in smart electrical grid systems. However, the implementation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mehmet Yildirim , Nasir Kenarangui , Robert Balog , Laszlo B. Kish , Chanan Singh

Neural networks are increasingly used for intrusion detection on industrial control systems (ICS). With neural networks being vulnerable to adversarial examples, attackers who wish to cause damage to an ICS can attempt to hide their attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Giulio Zizzo , Chris Hankin , Sergio Maffeis , Kevin Jones

Denial of service attacks (DoS) can cause significant financial damages. Flooding and Malicious packets are two kinds of DoS attacks. This paper presents a new security approach which stops malicious packets and prevents flooding in the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-02-18 M. A. Alhabeeb , A. M Almuhaideb , P. D Le

This paper addresses the design of an active cyberattack detection architecture based on multiplicative watermarking, allowing for detection of covert attacks. We propose an optimal design problem, relying on the so-called output-to-output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Alexander J. Gallo , Sribalaji C. Anand , André M. H. Teixeira , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

We address the problem of detecting and mitigating the effect of malicious attacks to the sensors of a linear dynamical system. We develop a novel, efficient algorithm that uses a Satisfiability-Modulo-Theory approach to isolate the…

Denial of Service (DOS) attack is one of the most attack that attract the cyber criminals which aims to reduce the network performance from doing its intended functions. Moreover, DOS Attacks can cause a huge damage on the data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yousef Khaled Shaheen , Mohammad Al Kasassbeh

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

Modern maritime navigation and control systems rely on digital sensing, estimation, and communication pipelines that fuse GNSS, radar, inertial, and AIS data through approaches such as Kalman-filter-based estimators. While these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Gabriele Oliva , Bianca Mazzà , Roberto Setola

As more attention is paid to security in the context of control systems and as attacks occur to real control systems throughout the world, it has become clear that some of the most nefarious attacks are those that evade detection. The term…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Carlos Murguia , Iman Shames , Justin Ruths , Dragan Nesic

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

Watermarking provides a critical safeguard for large language model (LLM) services by facilitating the detection of LLM-generated text. Correspondingly, stealing watermark algorithms (SWAs) derive watermark information from watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuhao Zhang , Yuli Chen , Jiale Han , Bo Cheng , Jiabao Ma

As deep learning (DL) models are widely and effectively used in Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms, there is a rapidly growing interest in DL watermarking techniques that can be used to confirm the ownership of a particular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mikhail Pautov , Nikita Bogdanov , Stanislav Pyatkin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets