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In this paper we propose tight upper and lower bounds for the Wasserstein distance between any two {{univariate continuous distributions}} with probability densities $p_1$ and $p_2$ having nested supports. These explicit bounds are…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-21 Christophe Ley , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

We propose a goodness-of-fit measure for probability densities modeling observations with varying dimensionality, such as text documents of differing lengths or variable-length sequences. The proposed measure is an instance of the kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-14 Jerome Baum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Arthur Gretton

We present a way to use Stein's method in order to bound the Wasserstein distance of order $2$ between two measures $\nu$ and $\mu$ supported on $\mathbb{R}^d$ such that $\mu$ is the reversible measure of a diffusion process. In order to…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-25 Thomas Bonis

The central limit theorem (CLT) is one of the most fundamental results in probability; and establishing its rate of convergence has been a key question since the 1940s. For independent random variables, a series of recent works established…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Tianle Liu , Morgane Austern

This paper formally derives the asymptotic distribution of a goodness-of-fit test based on the Kernel Stein Discrepancy introduced in (Oscar Key et al., "Composite Goodness-of-fit Tests with Kernels", Journal of Machine Learning Research…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Florian Brück , Veronika Reimoser , Fabian Baier

We provide finite-particle convergence rates for the Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) algorithm in the Kernelized Stein Discrepancy ($\mathsf{KSD}$) and Wasserstein-2 metrics. Our key insight is that the time derivative of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Sayan Banerjee , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Promit Ghosal

Studying the stability of partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with respect to perturbations in either transition or observation kernels is a significant problem. While asymptotic robustness/stability results as approximate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Yunus Emre Demirci , Ali Devran Kara , Serdar Yüksel

We derive explicit central moment inequalities for random variables that admit a Stein coupling, such as exchangeable pairs, size--bias couplings or local dependence, among others. The bounds are in terms of moments (not necessarily…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-07 A. D. Barbour , Nathan Ross , Yuting Wen

Model misspecification can create significant challenges for the implementation of probabilistic models, and this has led to development of a range of robust methods which directly account for this issue. However, whether these more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Oscar Key , Arthur Gretton , François-Xavier Briol , Tamara Fernandez

We show finite-size bounds on the deviation of the optimal type II error from its asymptotic value in the quantum hypothesis testing problem of Stein's lemma with composite null-hypothesis. The proof is based on some simple properties of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-07 Milán Mosonyi

In Bayesian statistics, a continuity property of the posterior distribution with respect to the observable variable is crucial as it expresses well-posedness, i.e., stability with respect to errors in the measurement of data. Essentially,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Emanuele Dolera , Edoardo Mainini

For two decades, reproducing kernels and their associated discrepancies have facilitated elegant theoretical analyses in the setting of quasi Monte Carlo. These same tools are now receiving interest in statistics and related fields, as…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-24 Chris. J. Oates

Stein thinning is a promising algorithm proposed by (Riabiz et al., 2022) for post-processing outputs of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The main principle is to greedily minimize the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD), which only requires…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-27 Clément Bénard , Brian Staber , Sébastien Da Veiga

In many contemporary statistical and machine learning methods, one needs to optimize an objective function that depends on the discrepancy between two probability distributions. The discrepancy can be referred to as a metric for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijin Ni , Xiaoming Huo

In this paper, we establish the following Stein-Weiss inequality with the fractional Poisson kernel (see Theorem 1.1): \begin{equation}\label{int1}…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-01-18 Lu Chen , Zhao Liu , Guozhen Lu , Chunxia Tao

In many fields, data appears in the form of direction (unit vector) and usual statistical procedures are not applicable to such directional data. In this study, we propose non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures for general…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-18 Wenkai Xu , Takeru Matsuda

An important task in computational statistics and machine learning is to approximate a posterior distribution $p(x)$ with an empirical measure supported on a set of representative points $\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n$. This paper focuses on methods…

This article provides a practical introduction to kernel discrepancies, focusing on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), and the Kernel Stein Discrepancy (KSD). Various estimators for these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Antonin Schrab

We investigate the discrepancy principle for choosing smoothing parameters for kernel density estimation. The method is based on the distance between the empirical and estimated distribution functions. We prove some new positive and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Thoralf Mildenberger

We extend the celebrated Stone's theorem to the framework of distributional regression. More precisely, we prove that weighted empirical distribution with local probability weights satisfying the conditions of Stone's theorem provide…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Clément Dombry , Thibault Modeste , Romain Pic