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Heavy-tailed distributions are found throughout many naturally occurring phenomena. We have reviewed the models of stochastic dynamics that lead to heavy-tailed distributions (and power law distributions, in particular) including the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ph. Blanchard , T. Krueger , D. Volchenkov

We consider the tail behavior of random variables $R$ which are solutions of the distributional equation $R\stackrel{d}{=}Q+MR$, where $(Q,M)$ is independent of $R$ and $|M|\le 1$. Goldie and Gr\"{u}bel showed that the tails of $R$ are no…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-02-08 Paweł Hitczenko , Jacek Wesołowski

We establish an upper bound on the tails of a random variable that arises as a solution of a stochastic difference equation. In the non--negative case our bound is similar to a lower bound obtained by Goldie and Gr\"ubel in 1996.

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-12 Pawel Hitczenko

We propose a stochastic process driven by the memory effect with novel distributions which include both exponential and leptokurtic heavy-tailed distributions. A class of the distributions is analytically derived from the continuum limit of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-27 Jongwook Kim , Teppei Okumura

Extreme events and the heavy tail distributions driven by them are ubiquitous in various scientific, engineering and financial research. They are typically associated with stochastic instability caused by hidden unresolved processes.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

Stochastic volatility processes with heavy-tailed innovations are a well-known model for financial time series. In these models, the extremes of the log returns are mainly driven by the extremes of the i.i.d. innovation sequence which leads…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-25 Anja Janssen , Holger Drees

We discuss non-Gaussian random matrices whose elements are random variables with heavy-tailed probability distributions. In probability theory heavy tails of the distributions describe rare but violent events which usually have dominant…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-08 Z. Burda , J. Jurkiewicz

We propose a stochastic process driven by memory effect with novel distributions including both exponential and leptokurtic heavy-tailed distributions. A class of distribution is analytically derived from the continuum limit of the discrete…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2013-05-14 Jongwook Kim , Gabjin Oh

The tail of the distribution of a sum of a random number of independent and identically distributed nonnegative random variables depends on the tails of the number of terms and of the terms themselves. This situation is of interest in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-10 Christian Y. Robert , Johan Segers

We examine random variables in the power law/regularly varying class with stochastic tail exponent, the exponent $\alpha$ having its own distribution. We show the effect of stochasticity of $\alpha$ on the expectation and higher moments of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-04-06 Nassim Nicholas Taleb

We consider the random variables $R$ which are solutions of the distributional equation $R\overset{\cL}{=}MR+Q$, where $(Q,M)$ is independent of $R$ and $\ABS{M}\leq 1$. Goldie and Gr\"ubel showed that the tails of $R$ are no heavier than…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-23 Jean-Baptiste Bardet , Hélène Guerin , Florent Malrieu

We propose a multivariate generative model to capture the complex dependence structure often encountered in business and financial data. Our model features heterogeneous and asymmetric tail dependence between all pairs of individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Xiangqian Sun , Xing Yan , Qi Wu

We introduce a new class of heavy-tailed distributions for which any weighted average of independent and identically distributed random variables is larger than one such random variable in (usual) stochastic order. We show that many…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Yuyu Chen , Seva Shneer

The presence of non-Gaussian tails is a prevalent characteristic in many financial modeling scenarios, necessitating the use of complex non-Gaussian distributions such as the generalized beta of the second kind (GB2) and the skewed…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-10 Xing Yan , Yue Zhao , Qi Wu , Wenxuan Ma

In the paper we consider the asymptotics of logarithmic tails of a perpetuity $$R \stackrel{d}{=}\sum_{j=1}^\infty Q_j \prod_{k=1}^{j-1}M_k,\qquad(M_n,Q_n)_{n=1}^\infty \mbox{ are i.i.d. copies of }(M,Q),$$ in the case when…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Bartosz Kołodziejek

The quantitative analysis of financial time series often reveals two distinct features that standard Gaussian frameworks fail to capture: heavy-tailed marginal distributions and the phenomenon of extreme co-movements.While extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Debanjana Datta , Diganta Mukherjee

The exact expression for the probability density $p_{_N}(x)$ for sums of a finite number $N$ of random independent terms is obtained. It is shown that the very tail of $p_{_N}(x)$ has a Gaussian form if and only if all the random terms are…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-29 Michael I. Tribelsky

We construct an example of a continuous centered random process with light tails of finite-dimensional distribution but with heavy tail of maximum distribution.

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-31 E. Ostrovsky , L. Sirota

This work investigates the tail behavior of solutions to the affine stochastic fixed-point equation of the form $X\stackrel{d}{=}AX+B$, where $X$ and $(A,B)$ are independent. Focusing on the light-tail regime, following [Burdzy et al.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Julia Le Bihan , Bartosz Kołodziejek

We obtain decay rates of probabilities of tails of polynomials in several independent random variables with heavy tails and derive stable limit theorems for nonconventional sums of such polynomials

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-26 Yuri Kifer , S. R. S. Varadhan
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