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This article presents a theoretical investigation of generalized encoded forms of networks in a uniform multidimensional space. First, we study encoded networks with (finite) arbitrary node dimensions (or aspects), such as time instants or…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Felipe S. Abrahão , Klaus Wehmuth , Hector Zenil , Artur Ziviani

Rigidity is the property of a structure that does not flex. It is well studied in discrete geometry and mechanics, and has applications in material science, engineering and biological sciences. A bar-and-joint framework is a pair $(G,p)$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Sean Dewar , Xiaofeng Gu

A 2-dimensional direction-length framework is a collection of points in the plane which are linked by pairwise constraints that fix the direction or length of the line segments joining certain pairs of points. We represent it as a pair…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Katie Clinch , Bill Jackson , Peter Keevash

The Random Geometric Graph (RGG) is a random graph model for network data with an underlying spatial representation. Geometry endows RGGs with a rich dependence structure and often leads to desirable properties of real-world networks such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Quentin Duchemin , Yohann de Castro

A well-known combinatorial algorithm can decide generic rigidity in the plane by determining if the graph is of Pollaczek-Geiringer-Laman type. Methods from matroid theory have been used to prove other interesting results, again under the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-10-07 Andrew Frohmader , Alexander Heaton

A linearly constrained framework in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a point configuration together with a system of constraints which fixes the distances between some pairs of points and additionally restricts some of the points to lie in given affine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Hakan Guler , Bill Jackson , Anthony Nixon

Dimension in physical systems determines universal properties at criticality. Yet, the impact of structural perturbations on dimensionality remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the attraction basins of structural fixed points…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-27 Lorenzo Lucarini , Giulio Cimini , Pablo Villegas

Following a review of related results in rigidity theory, we provide a construction to obtain generically universally rigid frameworks with the minimum number of edges, for any given set of n nodes in two or three dimensions. When a set of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-12-11 Scott D. Kelly , Andrea Micheletti

Graphs are fundamental data structures which concisely capture the relational structure in many important real-world domains, such as knowledge graphs, physical and social interactions, language, and chemistry. Here we introduce a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Yujia Li , Oriol Vinyals , Chris Dyer , Razvan Pascanu , Peter Battaglia

Laman graphs naturally arise in structural mechanics and rigidity theory. Specifically, they characterize minimally rigid planar bar-and-joint systems which are frequently needed in robotics, as well as in molecular chemistry and polymer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-01 Stephen Kobourov , Torsten Ueckerdt , Kevin Verbeek

We study a graph-theoretic property known as robustness, which plays a key role in certain classes of dynamics on networks (such as resilient consensus, contagion and bootstrap percolation). This property is stronger than other graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Haotian Zhang , Elaheh Fata , Shreyas Sundaram

A result due in its various parts to Hendrickson, Connelly, and Jackson and Jord\'an, provides a purely combinatorial characterisation of global rigidity for generic bar-joint frameworks in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The analogous conditions are known…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-12 Bill Jackson , Thomas McCourt , Anthony Nixon

Artificial neural networks used for reinforcement learning are structurally rigid, meaning that each optimized parameter of the network is tied to its specific placement in the network structure. It also means that a network only works with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Joachim Winther Pedersen , Erwan Plantec , Eleni Nisioti , Milton Montero , Sebastian Risi

A fundamental theorem of Laman characterises when a bar-joint framework realised generically in the Euclidean plane admits a non-trivial continuous deformation of its vertices. This has recently been extended in two ways. Firstly to…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Anthony Nixon , Bernd Schulze

A 2-dimensional point-line framework is a collection of points and lines in the plane which are linked by pairwise constraints that fix some angles between pairs of lines and also some point-line and point-point distances. It is rigid if…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-26 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

Metric graph properties lie in the heart of the analysis of complex networks, while in this paper we study their convexity through mathematical definition of a convex subgraph. A subgraph is convex if every geodesic path between the nodes…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Tilen Marc , Lovro Šubelj

Functional structures from across the engineered and biological world combine rigid elements such as bones and columns with flexible ones such as cables, fibers and membranes. These structures are known loosely as tensegrities, since these…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-31 William Stephenson , Vishal Sudhakar , James McInerney , Michael Czajkowski , D. Zeb Rocklin

We examine the generic local and global rigidity of various graphs in R^d. Bruce Hendrickson showed that some necessary conditions for generic global rigidity are (d+1)-connectedness and generic redundant rigidity and hypothesized that they…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Samuel Frank , Jiayang Jiang

Recently, it has been proposed that the natural connectivity can be used to efficiently characterise the robustness of complex networks. Natural connectivity quantifies the redundancy of alternative routes in a network by evaluating the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-20 Jun Wu , Mauricio Barahona , Yuejin Tan , Hongzhong Deng

A linearly constrained framework in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a bar-joint framework where, in addition, vertices with loops are constrained to lie in given affine subspaces. In the generic case, when each vertex is incident to sufficiently many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Zakir Deniz , Hakan Guler , Anthony Nixon