Related papers: Long-run dynamics of the U.S. patent classificatio…
Technological knowledge evolves not only through the generation of new ideas, but also through the reinterpretation of existing ones. Reinterpretations lead to changes in the classification of knowledge, that is, reclassification. This…
In a previous study of patent classifications in nine material technologies for photovoltaic cells, Leydesdorff et al. (2015) reported cyclical patterns in the longitudinal development of Rao-Stirling diversity. We suggested that these…
To classify is to put things in meaningful groups, but the criteria for doing so can be problematic. Study of evolution of classification includes ontogenetic analysis of change in classification over time. We present an empirical analysis…
Green patents are a key indicator to track technological efforts aimed at fighting climate change. Using an original dataset that merges different Patstat releases, we identify three mechanisms that may bias green patent statistics,…
In this paper, we extend some usual techniques of classification resulting from a large-scale data-mining and network approach. This new technology, which in particular is designed to be suitable to big data, is used to construct an open…
The web of relations linking technological innovation can be fairly described in terms of patent citations. The resulting patent citation network provides a picture of the large-scale organization of innovations and its time evolution. Here…
We reconstruct the innovation dynamics of about two hundred thousand companies by following their patenting activity for about ten years. We define the technological portfolios of these companies as the set of the technological sectors…
In last few years there are major changes and evolution has been done on classification of data. As the application area of technology is increases the size of data also increases. Classification of data becomes difficult because of…
The dynamics of innovation are nonlinear and complex: geographical, technological, and economic selection environments can be expected to interact. Can patents provide an analytical lens to this process in terms of different attributes such…
By adopting a citation-based recursive ranking method for patents the evolution of new fields of technology can be traced. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the laser / inkjet printer technology emerged from the recombination of two…
We study the out of equilibrium dynamics of several models exhibiting aging. We attempt at identifying various types of aging systems using a phase space point of view: we introduce a trial classification, based on the overlap between two…
We provide a theoretical framework to understand when firms may benefit from exploiting previously abandoned technologies and brands. We model for the long run process of innovation, allowing for sustainable diversity and comebacks of old…
Decisions on which classes to refactor are fraught with difficulty. The problem of identifying candidate classes becomes acute when confronted with large systems comprising hundreds or thousands of classes. In this paper, we describe a…
One of the most challenging problems in technological forecasting is to identify as early as possible those technologies that have the potential to lead to radical changes in our society. In this paper, we use the US patent citation network…
Patents represent one of the most complete sources of information related to technological change. This paper presents three months of research on U.S. patents in the field of patent analysis. The methodology consists of using search terms…
Evolution has fascinated quantitative and physical scientists for decades: how can the random process of mutation, recombination, and duplication of genetic information generate the diversity of life? What determines the rate of evolution?…
The objective of the paper is to study accuracy of multi-class classification in high-dimensional setting, where the number of classes is also large ("large $L$, large $p$, small $n$" model). While this problem arises in many practical…
Patent classification aims to assign multiple International Patent Classification (IPC) codes to a given patent. Recent methods for automatically classifying patents mainly focus on analyzing the text descriptions of patents. However, apart…
When dealing with multi-class classification problems, it is common practice to build a model consisting of a series of binary classifiers using a learning paradigm which dictates how the classifiers are built and combined to discriminate…
The basic underlying assumption of machine learning (ML) models is that the training and test data are sampled from the same distribution. However, in daily practice, this assumption is often broken, i.e. the distribution of the test data…